The relationship between the executive and the judiciary in India has always been complex, often marred by conflicts that test the country’s democratic framework. While the Constitution outlines a clear separation of powers, disputes over jurisdiction, authority, and policy decisions frequently create tensions between these two crucial pillars of governance. The current scenario, marked by an increasing lack of trust and communication between the judiciary and the executive, calls for reflection on the leadership of figures like Hansraj Bharadwaj. As India’s longest-serving Law Minister, Bharadwaj was instrumental in fostering dialogue, respect, and institutional cooperation between the executive and the judiciary, ensuring that both functioned harmoniously within the democratic system.

India’s Constitution is built on the principle of separation of powers, ensuring that the executive, legislature, and judiciary operate independently while maintaining necessary checks and balances. The executive, led by the Prime Minister and the President, is responsible for governance and policy-making, while the judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court, interprets laws and ensures that government actions comply with constitutional provisions.

However, despite this well-defined framework, friction between the judiciary and the executive has been a recurring theme in India’s history. Judicial appointments, interpretation of constitutional provisions, and legal challenges to executive policies have often been sources of contention.

One of the most persistent issues is the appointment of judges. Under the collegium system, the judiciary holds the final authority in recommending and appointing judges to higher courts. However, the executive also plays a role in the process, leading to disagreements and delays that sometimes hinder judicial efficiency. The executive has frequently expressed concerns over the lack of transparency in the collegium system, while the judiciary has resisted executive interference, citing the need to uphold judicial independence.

Another major area of conflict arises when courts strike down executive actions or laws, citing constitutional violations. While the judiciary is tasked with protecting fundamental rights and ensuring legal compliance, the executive sometimes views such rulings as judicial overreach that limits its ability to govern effectively. These tensions, if not addressed through constructive dialogue, can erode trust between the two institutions and impact governance.

Hansraj Bharadwaj, a seasoned lawyer and politician, recognized the importance of maintaining a collaborative relationship between the executive and the judiciary. As Law Minister, he played a crucial role in bridging the gap between these institutions, ensuring that conflicts were managed with diplomacy and mutual respect. Bharadwaj believed in open communication and consultation. Unlike many of his successors, who allowed tensions to escalate into full-blown conflicts, he actively engaged with judges, legal experts, and executive officials to address concerns and find common ground. His approach was rooted in the belief that disagreements should be resolved through discussion rather than confrontation.

During his tenure, Bharadwaj spearheaded several legal reforms aimed at enhancing judicial efficiency and transparency. Recognizing the need for a robust judiciary to uphold democracy, he advocated for streamlined judicial appointment processes, fair selection criteria for judges, and measures to reduce bureaucratic delays. His efforts ensured that judicial appointments were based on merit rather than political influence.

Beyond the appointment process, Bharadwaj also championed judicial accountability while preserving judicial independence. He firmly believed that judges should be empowered to make impartial decisions but should also be held accountable for their rulings. His balanced approach helped foster a legal environment where both the executive and the judiciary could function with mutual respect and cooperation.

One of Bharadwaj’s most remarkable qualities was his ability to handle conflicts with diplomacy. Unlike the present-day confrontational approach, he tackled executive-judicial disputes with patience and strategic negotiation. His tenure saw several instances where tensions were diffused through well-calibrated discussions rather than public confrontations.

A key aspect of his leadership was his firm stance against politically motivated attacks on the judiciary. Today, judicial independence faces significant threats from vested interest groups that attempt to influence rulings through public pressure and media narratives. Bharadwaj’s tenure serves as a lesson in how such challenges can be addressed without compromising the dignity of institutions. The legal fraternity must take inspiration from his leadership in upholding the integrity of the judicial system.

Despite Bharadwaj’s contributions, conflicts between the executive and judiciary have only intensified in recent years. Judicial appointments continue to be a contentious issue, with growing concerns over transparency and accountability. The judiciary’s increasing intervention in policy matters has led to accusations of judicial activism, while the executive’s attempts to influence judicial decisions have sparked fears of judicial erosion.

The growing politicization of legal institutions poses a significant threat to India’s democratic framework. Bharadwaj’s tenure reminds us that democracy thrives not in conflict but in consensus. His leadership exemplifies how disputes can be managed without undermining institutional integrity or creating a constitutional crisis. Today, as we commemorate his birth anniversary, it is evident that his legacy has not been upheld by subsequent governments, whether under the UPA or the NDA. The spirit of cooperation that he nurtured has been replaced by deep-seated distrust and power struggles between the judiciary and the executive.

India needs leaders like HR Bharadwaj now more than ever—leaders who understand that a functioning democracy depends on collaboration between its institutions. The executive and the judiciary must work as partners in governance rather than as adversaries locked in constant battle. The lessons from Bharadwaj’s tenure are clear, namely Dialogue Over Confrontation, Judicial Independence with Accountability, Legal Reforms for Transparency, Depoliticization of Institutions..

"Samar shesh hai, nahi paap ka bhagi keval vyadh, jo tatasth hai, samay likhega unka bhi apradh."

These words of Ramdhari Singh Dinkar remind us that indifference is as dangerous as injustice. Bihar has always been a land of revolutions—be it in freedom struggles, social movements, or agricultural reforms. Yet, despite its rich history and fertile lands, the farmers of Bihar remain unheard, unseen, and undervalued. It is time for a bold and decisive step, one that recognizes that Bihar’s true strength lies in its farmers and its people.

When Samrat Choudhary, Bihar’s Finance Minister, presented the ?3.17 trillion Budget for 2025-26, it was more than just numbers and policies—it was a battle cry for Bihar’s resurgence, a promise that Bihar will not just survive but thrive, not just dream but achieve. The budget lays a strong foundation for infrastructure development, skill enhancement, and agricultural transformation. However, if Bihar is to truly rise, it must put its farmers at the center of its economic roadmap.

For decades, Bihar’s agriculture has been trapped in a cycle of low productivity, lack of market access, and vulnerability to floods and droughts. The Kosi River, known as the “Sorrow of Bihar,” has devastated countless villages, forcing migration and economic distress. But what if, instead of being a force of destruction, Bihar’s rivers became a source of power, prosperity, and security? A Hoover Dam-like structure on the Kosi and other major rivers could prevent floods, store water for irrigation, generate electricity, and create thousands of jobs. A Bihar where farmers don’t have to pray for good monsoons, where crops don’t wither in dry spells, where clean energy fuels industries—this is not just a dream, it is a possibility within our reach.

Yet, water security alone is not enough. A Farmer-Centric Agriculture Value Chain Commission, backed by a High-Powered Committee, is essential to address systemic agricultural challenges. Bihar’s future cannot be built on fragmented policies, temporary relief measures, and middlemen-driven markets. The agriculture sector needs structural transformation, one that is farmer-led, technology-driven, and market-oriented. A commission of agri-experts, cooperative leaders, policymakers, industry stakeholders, and farmer representatives can ensure a time-bound, effective, and result-driven approach to fair pricing, irrigation, sustainable farming, food processing, and global market access.

For years, Bihar’s farmers have suffered at the hands of seasonal floods, erratic weather, inadequate infrastructure, and exploitative market chains. Why should the land that feeds millions remain in distress? Why should a Bihari farmer struggle to make ends meet while middlemen reap profits? It is time for a new economic model—one that integrates Bihar’s agriculture into a national and global supply chain. A cooperative economic framework can break caste-based politics and economic inequalities, ensuring that wealth creation benefits every farmer, not just a privileged few.

Beyond agriculture, Bihar needs to prepare its youth for a modern and competitive world. For decades, Bihari youth have left their homes in search of work. But why should a state with so much talent, potential, and determination have to send its best and brightest elsewhere? The ?60,964 crore investment in education and skill development will change this forever. Bihar is poised to become a hub for green infrastructure, solar energy, and sustainable industries. With renewable energy projects, modern transport networks, and eco-friendly urban planning, Bihar can attract massive investments from industries looking for a skilled workforce and a sustainable future. The establishment of the National Institute of Food Technology will not just create jobs but will transform Bihar into India’s food processing hub. When industries see a state investing in its people and its environment, they invest in that state. And when investments come, jobs follow, migration slows, and prosperity rises.

Bihar is not just a state—it is a legacy. It is the land of Chanakya, the greatest strategist, who built empires on wisdom and vision. It is the land of Buddha, who taught the world that transformation begins from within. It is the land of Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, who fought for farmers’ rights, and Jai Prakash Narayan, who led the people’s revolution. This budget must not be just another policy document—it must be Bihar’s war cry for progress.

"Sinhasan khali karo ki janta aati hai!" The people of Bihar are ready. They don’t want promises; they want action. A High-Powered Agriculture Commission and a Farmer-Centric Economic Model will not just transform Bihar’s economy—it will restore its lost glory. This is not just about elections or policies; this is about dignity, justice, and the future of every Bihari child. The time for waiting is over—the time for action is now.

By Binod Anand, Member Prime Minister High power Committee on MSP AND Agriculture reforms,Govt of India

In the grand tapestry of India's cultural and spiritual legacy, the Kumbh Mela stands as a timeless confluence of faith, tradition, and human endeavor. But amid the sea of millions gathered for religious sanctity, a silent yet powerful revolution in public health is taking shape—Netra Kumbh 2025. This unparalleled humanitarian initiative has emerged as the world's largest temporary eye healthcare camp, earning recognition from both the India Book of Records and the Asia Book of Records. Beyond its medical impact, Netra Kumbh aligns with 12 out of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), reinforcing its role in human development and global health equity.

A Legacy of Sight: Transforming Lives Since 2019

The journey of Netra Kumbh is not new. It has been a defining force in addressing preventable blindness in India. During Kumbh 2019, over 200,000 pilgrims benefitted, with 155,000 glasses distributed and 23,000 surgeries conducted. Even in the challenging times of Ardh Kumbh 2021, amidst the pandemic, 48,000 pilgrims received care, and 38,000 spectacles were distributed. With each edition, this initiative has expanded in scale, efficiency, and outreach.

In 2025, Netra Kumbh reached new heights of impact. A record-breaking 2,37,169 individuals underwent comprehensive eye screenings, ensuring early detection and timely intervention for various vision impairments. The initiative facilitated the distribution of 1,62,925 spectacles, providing instant vision correction and enhancing the daily lives of thousands. Additionally, 17,038 patients were identified for further treatment and surgeries, emphasizing the long-term commitment of Netra Kumbh to eradicating preventable blindness. The magnitude of these achievements underscores the initiative’s evolution into a robust, large-scale healthcare intervention, effectively transforming the landscape of eye care in India.

A Holistic Public Health Mission: More Than Just Eye Care

Netra Kumbh 2025 is not just a medical camp; it is an integrated public health movement that brings together healthcare, service, and community participation. The camp has been meticulously structured to ensure world-class medical services for both pilgrims and volunteers, with designated halls serving various functions. Screening halls like Rajju Bhaiya OPD 1 and Bhaurao Ji Devras OPD 2 ensure streamlined eye check-ups, while the Shri Radchhordas Ji Bapu Hospital Hall manages the distribution of spectacles. Pilgrims and volunteers have access to well-furnished dormitories such as Ahilyabai Holkar Niwas specifically for female volunteers (commemorating her 300th anniversary), while Ganga Niwas, Yamuna Niwas, and Saraswati Niwas provide accommodation for other volunteers and staff. For healthcare professionals, Bhagwan Dhanvantari Niwas offers dedicated lodging. Additionally, Chandra Shekhar Hall is designated for welcoming guests, while Sants Soordas Sabhagar serves as a seminar hall hosting discussions on knowledge, spirituality, and service. Annapoorna Prasadam Hall ensures that thousands receive three wholesome meals daily, managed by ISKCON under the guidance of Guru Gaurang Das, reinforcing the spirit of sewa (selfless service) deeply embedded in Bharatiya civilizational values. This state-of-the-art facility is a testament to how faith-driven community efforts can create sophisticated, large-scale healthcare interventions, making Netra Kumbh a one-of-its-kind global model for temporary yet highly efficient medical outreach programs.

Aligning with Global Health Goals: Covering 12 out of 17 SDGs

Netra Kumbh 2025 exemplifies the power of healthcare initiatives in driving global progress by addressing vision impairment and its socio-economic implications. It aligns with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in multiple ways. SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) is at the core of this initiative, ensuring access to free eye checkups, corrective measures, and awareness programs to prevent blindness. By improving vision, Netra Kumbh also contributes to SDG 4 (Quality Education), as children with corrected vision are more likely to succeed academically, breaking cycles of poverty and dependence. Moreover, by restoring sight, individuals can return to work, contributing to SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), improving productivity, and reducing financial dependence on families and social support systems. SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) is also realized through the initiative’s commitment to providing quality eye care services to marginalized communities, bridging the vast gap in healthcare accessibility. Furthermore, the success of Netra Kumbh is driven by extensive collaborations between government agencies, NGOs, medical institutions, and corporate partners, aligning perfectly with SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). This collective effort showcases how large-scale healthcare initiatives, when aligned with developmental goals, can foster inclusive growth and holistic well-being.

Socio-Economic Impact: Restoring Vision, Restoring Livelihoods

While the scale of Netra Kumbh is reflected in its numbers, the true measure of its impact is in the lives it transforms. India has over 35 million people with visual impairments, with 1.25 crore classified as visually disabled. Many of these cases stem from preventable conditions such as cataracts and refractive errors, which significantly limit an individual’s ability to earn a livelihood, pursue education, or engage in everyday activities. Through timely interventions, Netra Kumbh is enabling a shift in this narrative. Restoring sight allows daily wage workers to regain their capacity to earn, ensuring financial stability and reducing dependency. It also enhances educational opportunities for children, helping them perform better academically and unlocking brighter futures. Beyond direct medical care, Netra Kumbh fosters a culture of preventive healthcare, emphasizing the importance of regular checkups and encouraging corneal donations to support long-term solutions for visual impairments.

A Global Footprint: Beneficiaries from Across Continents

Netra Kumbh 2025 has not only catered to pilgrims from all Indian states and Union Territories but has also extended its humanitarian reach beyond borders. Over 1,500 beneficiaries from countries across the Indian subcontinent, Europe, and the Americas have availed themselves of its services. This international participation underscores the global relevance of accessible and quality eye healthcare. Unlike any other temporary healthcare initiative worldwide, Netra Kumbh combines efficiency, large-scale reach, and world-class medical infrastructure in a short period, making it a replicable model for future public health interventions. The seamless execution of this initiative reflects India's capability to lead in humanitarian healthcare, setting a benchmark for countries looking to integrate medical services within cultural and religious congregations.

A Feat Acknowledged Worldwide

The monumental success of Netra Kumbh 2025 has earned it a place in history. Both the India Book of Records and the Asia Book of Records have recognized it as the world’s largest temporary eye healthcare camp. This recognition not only validates the scale and impact of the initiative but also highlights India’s capacity to lead the world in innovative and compassionate healthcare solutions.

A Model for Future Public Health Interventions

Netra Kumbh 2025 is not just an event; it is a scalable and replicable model for integrating healthcare services into cultural and religious congregations. With its seamless medical infrastructure, committed volunteer network, and deep-rooted philosophy of service, it has set a new benchmark in public health interventions. As we move forward, the legacy of Netra Kumbh 2025 will continue to inspire similar initiatives, ensuring that vision impairment never becomes a barrier to human potential. By aligning faith with service and healthcare with community welfare, Netra Kumbh has illuminated the path towards a healthier, more equitable world.

The article has been authored by Ms. Hemangi Sinha, Project Head at the World Intellectual Foundation, and Pravin Kumar Singh, Senior Project Associate at the World Intellectual Foundation.

René Descartes’ Cogito Ergo Sum—"I think, therefore I am"—redefined philosophy but left a deeper question unanswered: Who am I? With AI now thinking faster and more efficiently than us, the nature of our identity becomes crucial. Are we just biological supercomputers, or is there something beyond mere computation? Despite scientific progress, we still lack a fundamental grasp of consciousness. Without understanding our awareness, any claim about AI sentience is premature. AI may mimic intelligence, but that does not imply true consciousness. Until we solve this mystery, the essence of human existence remains an open question.

Who am I?

The fundamental flaw in Descartes’s reasoning is that he presupposes the existence of an ‘I’. Instead of proving it, he assumes the conclusion within the statement itself. For centuries, philosophers have pondered upon whether an ‘I’ truly exists and if so, what it is? .

Buddhists and the Advaita school of Hindu thought contend that the concept of a fixed, concrete ‘I’ is an illusion. Rooted in the concept of anatta (no-self), Buddhism argues that human identity is a transient product of various causes and consequences, both physical and mental (skandhas).  Advaita Vedanta, on the other hand, posits that the perception of the individual self is due to ignorance (advidy?), asserting that there is only one ultimate reality (Brahman) that binds us all. In contrast, the Dvaita school of Hinduism argues that every one of us possesses a unique singular consciousness. The materialists, on the other hand, view consciousness and identity as emergent products of one’s body and brain, ceasing with death.

Despite their differences, all theories share a common thread: the unexplained phenomenon of consciousness. Therefore, any exploration of the self must begin by understanding what it truly means to be conscious.

The Hard Problem of Consciousness

The hard problem of consciousness is the challenge of explaining why humans and other organisms have subjective experiences—how matter gives rise to a mind.

The sensations of experience are known as ‘qualia’. Love, for instance, stems from oxytocin firing in the brain, yet science cannot explain how this chemical activity creates the ‘feeling’ of love, or the qualia of love. When listening to your favourite song, neurochemical reactions in the brain process sound. However, despite all we know about sound, we are yet to understand how it transforms into the experience of music.

Artificial intelligence is quite similar to the brain in that both function as computers, processing information and generating outputs based on inputs. While the brain consists of neurons operating through electrochemical means, AI relies on artificial neural networks. However, as far as we know, AI does not generate qualia, or conscious experience. To determine whether this might be possible in the future, we must first understand the nature of qualia in our brains. Unfortunately, meaningful answers remain elusive.

Neuroscientists have developed detailed accounts of what occurs in our brains during various activities, but they remain merely descriptions. What humanity lacks is an explanation. How does electricity transform into experience? How does meat create reality? After all, we are stardust; the matter that constitutes us is scattered throughout the universe. Yet, something about the way it is assembled gives rise to the phenomenon of consciousness. Uncannily, we are conscious beings aware of our own consciousness; minds that know they are minds.

The Hard Problem of Consciousness earns its name because science lacks even the foundation of a coherent answer to it. Philosophers vehemently disagree with each other, while scientists remain largely perplexed.

Embracing the Uncertain

Discussions about AI consciousness are premature because humanity currently lacks the tools to address them. While it would be misguided to rule out the possibility, any discourse on the subject is futile without a prior understanding of the phenomenon of consciousness and the nature of the self. Research and scholarly debates must prioritize solving the hard problem of consciousness and deciphering the genesis of the ‘I’. By integrating both philosophical and scientific approaches we can achieve a deeper understanding of the reality we experience. This endeavour could pave the way for more informed discussions about artificial intelligence and its potential for consciousness.

In the large cityscapes of the 21st century, amidst our fast-paced lives, humanity seems to rush toward closure. As Socrates famously pointed out, true wisdom lies in knowing that one knows nothing. Yet, philosophers who followed him, including Plato and Aristotle, often contradicted his spirit of inquiry, hastily offering answers instead of embracing uncertainty. Perhaps, as Socrates urged, it is time to make peace with the fact that we know nothing – for in that acceptance lies the beginning of true seeking.

Bihar, once the land of Mauryas and Guptas, the cradle of learning with Nalanda and Vikramshila, and the birthplace of great thinkers like Chanakya—has always been at the heart of India's historical and cultural evolution. But look around today, and what do we see? Fields filled with potential, yet farmers struggling to make ends meet. Families are torn apart as young men leave home in search of work elsewhere. The cities swell with migrants while villages fade into oblivion.

It doesn't have to be this way. Bihar has everything it needs to flourish—fertile land, abundant water, skilled artisans, and a heritage of self-reliance. What it lacks is a roadmap, a determined push, and structural reforms that can channel its strengths into a future where Bihar doesn’t just survive but thrives.

Let’s face it—agriculture is the backbone of Bihar. More than 70% of the people depend on farming, yet the system remains outdated. Small landholdings, poor irrigation, and limited market access have kept farmers trapped in a cycle of low productivity and high dependency. But imagine a Bihar where farmers don’t have to leave home to earn a living. Where they can cultivate, process, and sell their produce without being at the mercy of middlemen. Where their children see a future in farming, instead of fleeing to cities in desperation.

The solution? Modernized infrastructure, advanced irrigation techniques, and digital tools like AI-driven soil testing to help farmers increase yield. The West Kosi Project, if properly implemented, can transform water management, ensuring that Bihar’s fields are green year-round instead of being at the mercy of monsoons.

Did you know Bihar produces over 85% of the world’s Makhana (fox nuts)? It’s a superfood, sought after for its nutritional benefits. But despite this dominance, farmers don’t get their fair share. Why? Because the sector is scattered, unorganized, and under-commercialized.

The recently established Makhana Board is a game-changer. Think of it like the Amul model—where farmers collectively own and benefit from the industry. With proper quality certification, branding, export facilitation, and farmer training, Bihar can turn Makhana into a billion-dollar industry. Imagine ‘Bihar Makhana’ labeled on supermarket shelves across the world—bringing prosperity back home, right where it belongs.

Bihar is not just about farming; it’s also about craftsmanship. Bhagalpur Silk is renowned worldwide, but what has been done to elevate the weavers? The answer lies in cooperative economic frameworks, where artisans aren’t just laborers but stakeholders in the industry. By setting up textile hubs, investing in technology, and providing direct market access, Bhagalpur can once again become the ‘Silk City of the World,’ not just of India.

Jute, another forgotten gem, can see a revival too. With the global push for eco-friendly products, Bihar’s jute industry can thrive—if we modernize processing units and link them to domestic and international markets. And most importantly, if we make sure the profits go back to the hands that spin the magic.

With its diverse agricultural produce, Bihar can be more than just a supplier of raw materials—it can be a global food processing and export hub. Creating dedicated Food Export Zones will ensure that farmers don’t just grow food but also gain from its value addition.

Government initiatives and the latest provisions in Budget 2025 signal a shift towards agro-industrialization. But policies mean nothing without execution. This is where close monitoring from the PMO and state administration becomes crucial—to ensure Bihar gets the investments, infrastructure, and institutional support it needs to transform into an agribusiness powerhouse.

Bihar’s rivers have always been its lifelines, yet they remain vastly underutilized. What if we told you that Bihar’s water bodies could create millions of jobs? With strategic investments in fisheries, aquaculture, and inland water transport, the state can boost its ‘Blue Economy.’ Sustainable fishing and modern fish farming techniques can generate wealth while preserving the ecosystem. The Ganga and its tributaries can also serve as efficient waterways—cutting transport costs, boosting trade, and reducing environmental impact. A strong Blue Economy means more jobs at home, fewer migrant laborers, and a stronger Bihar.

The flood-prone regions of Bihar, including the Tal, Chaur, and Maan areas, are often viewed as liabilities, but they hold immense untapped potential. These waterlogged lowlands can be transformed into hubs of sustainable aquaculture and integrated farming. Instead of battling floods, Bihar can learn to harness them—developing a water-based economy that turns seasonal adversity into an advantage. With the right planning, these regions can become highly productive zones for fish farming, lotus cultivation, and integrated paddy-fish culture. This would not only boost rural incomes but also establish Bihar as a leader in India's National Blue Economy. If managed effectively, the floodwaters can be used to recharge groundwater levels, support biodiversity, and create a resilient agricultural model that turns Bihar’s biggest challenge into its greatest strength.

This transformative development is not just economic but also deeply political. With the 2025 Vidhan Sabha elections on the horizon, a shift towards an agriculture-anchored economy can redefine Bihar’s political narrative. Instead of electioneering around caste equations and short-term welfare schemes, Bihar can initiate a development-driven debate, one that shifts the focus to economic empowerment, job creation, and self-sufficiency. This will not only energize the electorate but also strengthen the vision of making Bihar the epicenter of a thriving, cooperative-led economy. Furthermore, such economic revival will directly impact the Home Minister’s ambitious target of eliminating Naxalism by ensuring that discontented youth find stable employment within their own state, reducing the lure of extremism.

Bihar has always been the land of visionaries—whether it was Bhikari Thakur, whose folk theatre echoed the struggles of migration, or Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, whose poetic calls for revolution still inspire the masses. Their voices still resonate with Bihar’s need for transformation. Dinkar’s words, “Samar shesh hai, nahi paap ka bhagi keval vyadh” (The battle is yet to be fought, and the burden of injustice is not for one alone to bear), remind us that Bihar's struggle is far from over—it must fight for its rightful place in India's growth story. Chanakya, the greatest political reformer, laid the foundation of governance rooted in economic stability and strategic foresight, a philosophy that Bihar needs to embrace once again to chart its resurgence.

When we talk about making India a developed country by 2047, it’s impossible to achieve that dream without Bihar rising to its full potential. A weak Bihar keeps India from becoming truly strong. But a Bihar that harnesses its agricultural wealth, its textile heritage, its food industry, and its river economy—that Bihar can be unstoppable.

Bihar doesn’t need sympathy; it needs strategy. It doesn’t need promises; it needs action. And most importantly, it doesn’t need to send its sons and daughters away in search of livelihoods—it needs to build an economy that keeps them rooted, employed, and thriving right at home.

A Viksit Bharat is only possible with a Viksit Bihar. The time to act is now.

Writer Binod Anand, Secretary General, CNRI and Member PM MSP COMMITTEE and Agriculture reforms

In pic: Founder Member Mr. KN Ranganathan with H.E. Frank Wisner Patron of Friends of US  

Frank Wisner, a distinguished diplomat and former U.S. ambassador to India, passed away on February 24, 2025, at 86. His extraordinary career in public service left an indelible mark on U.S.-India relations, shaping a lasting partnership between the two nations.

Spanning over four decades, Wisner’s diplomatic career began in the 1960s. Born into a family of diplomats, he deeply understood the power of international engagement. As U.S. Ambassador to India (1994-97), he played a crucial role in strengthening bilateral ties, especially in security, trade, and cultural exchange during a period of global uncertainty.

Wisner was instrumental in the landmark U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Agreement (2005), fostering deeper cooperation in energy and global security. His efforts helped redefine the relationship beyond Cold War tensions, focusing on shared strategic interests, counterterrorism, and regional stability. His diplomacy extended beyond policies—he connected deeply with the Indian people and culture.

A staunch advocate for economic collaboration, Wisner championed trade and investment, enabling U.S. businesses to thrive in India while supporting India’s rise as a global economic power. He also promoted scientific and technological cooperation, strengthening the innovation ecosystem.

Believing in the power of people-to-people diplomacy, Wisner encouraged educational and cultural exchanges, creating lasting connections between the two nations. His support for NGOs in development, health, and social equity ensured sustained momentum in U.S.-India ties beyond government initiatives.

Frank Wisner’s legacy is one of vision, perseverance, and diplomacy. His contributions will continue to inspire future leaders dedicated to peace, cooperation, and mutual understanding. He is survived by his family, friends, and a world forever shaped by his commitment to stronger U.S.-India relations.

Inputs from Founding Member Mr. KN Ranganathan
Team - Friends of US 

The appointment of Shaktikanta Das as the Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister is a strategic decision that brings a wealth of economic expertise and administrative acumen to the highest level of governance. With his vast experience as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and a distinguished career in economic policymaking, Das is well-equipped to provide crucial guidance to the government at a time when the global economic landscape is undergoing profound shifts.

Shaktikanta Das has played a pivotal role in shaping India’s economic policies. As the RBI Governor, he successfully steered the country through multiple financial crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuring monetary stability while promoting growth. Under his leadership, the central bank took decisive steps to manage inflation, enhance liquidity, and strengthen India’s financial system.

His tenure at the RBI also saw the implementation of crucial banking reforms, digital payment innovations, and strategic interventions to sustain economic growth. He was instrumental in the management of India's inflation-targeting framework and was an advocate of financial inclusion. Prior to his role at the RBI, he served as the Secretary of Economic Affairs and played a key role in major policy decisions, including the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and the demonetization process in 2016. His deep understanding of fiscal and monetary policies makes him an invaluable advisor to the Prime Minister, particularly at a time when the global economy is facing uncertainty.

The world economy is currently navigating turbulent waters, with challenges such as rising geopolitical tensions, trade conflicts, and slowing economic growth in major economies. The United States has adopted an aggressive trade policy, imposing tariffs on imports, which could disrupt global supply chains and impact Indian exports. China, one of the world's largest economies, is experiencing a slowdown, with reduced consumer demand, a real estate crisis, and a weakening financial sector. Given India's deep trade ties with China, these developments could have ripple effects on Indian industries.

The ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East further complicate the global economic scenario. The Israel-Iran proxy war and the Russia-Ukraine conflict have led to volatile energy prices, supply chain disruptions, and heightened global security concerns. Meanwhile, Europe is grappling with its own economic and security challenges, adding to global uncertainty.

Against this backdrop, India needs a strong and steady hand in economic policymaking. Das, with his extensive knowledge of economic management and global financial trends, can help the Prime Minister and the government navigate these crises effectively. His ability to balance growth with financial prudence will be instrumental in ensuring India's economic resilience. India, as one of the fastest-growing major economies, requires strategic planning to sustain its growth momentum. The government is focusing on increasing infrastructure investment, boosting domestic manufacturing through initiatives like "Make in India," and strengthening the digital economy.

Das’s expertise in financial markets and banking regulations will be critical in ensuring that India's credit system supports economic expansion while maintaining financial stability. He can provide policy inputs to enhance foreign direct investment (FDI), strengthen the rupee, and manage inflationary pressures. His tenure at the RBI demonstrated his ability to handle complex financial situations with a pragmatic approach, which will be crucial in driving India's long-term economic strategy.

Moreover, his administrative background as a senior bureaucrat adds to his effectiveness. Having worked in the finance and economic ministries, Das understands the workings of the government and the policymaking process. His ability to coordinate between different ministries and financial institutions will streamline decision-making and implementation.

The role of the Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister is crucial in ensuring that policy decisions are well-informed, efficiently implemented, and aligned with the nation’s broader strategic objectives. In Das, the Prime Minister has a trusted advisor who can bridge the gap between financial expertise and administrative execution. His appointment also reassures investors and markets, as his presence signals continuity in economic policymaking. Stability in financial leadership is crucial for investor confidence, and Das’s role will help India maintain credibility in global markets.

At a time when the world is witnessing shifts in global power dynamics, economic realignments, and rising geopolitical risks, India needs strong leadership and sound economic management. Shaktikanta Das’s appointment as Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister ensures that the government has the right expertise at the helm to steer the country toward sustainable growth and economic resilience.

In conclusion, his deep-rooted knowledge of economic policies, coupled with his administrative capabilities, makes him an asset to the nation. As India continues its journey toward becoming a global economic powerhouse, his guidance will play a pivotal role in shaping policies that strengthen the economy and enhance India's standing on the world stage.

Maha Kumbh 2025: A Convergence of Faith, Humanity, and Sewa

The Maha Kumbh Mela in Prayagraj is no ordinary gathering—it is the world’s largest peaceful congregation of humanity, where faith transcends borders, spirituality finds expression, and service touches millions of lives. A universally-recognized event, the Maha Kumbh is a celebration of Hindu culture and heritage, embodying the ancient wisdom of divinity and humanity in harmony.

The event’s celestial significance, linked to the planetary alignments of the Sun, Moon, and Jupiter, underscores its sanctity. While Kumbh Melas occur rotationally every three years at Haridwar, Prayagraj, Ujjain, and Nashik, the Maha Kumbh, held exclusively in Prayagraj every 144 years, is the most auspicious of them all.

The Grand Spectacle of Maha Kumbh 2025

On January 13, 2025, the sacred city of Prayagraj came alive with the commencement of the 45-day-long Maha Kumbh Mela. This extraordinary gathering is expected to attract an estimated 450 million devotees—nearly twice the population of Uttar Pradesh—to the banks of the holy rivers Ganga, Yamuna, and the mythical Saraswati. Hindu ascetics, saints, ash-smeared Naga Sadhus, and the enigmatic Aghoris will join pilgrims from across the globe in a vibrant spiritual mosaic.

As the pilgrims take the holy dip or ‘Amrit Snan’ at the confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati, they participate in a ritual that symbolizes purification and self-realization. The Maha Kumbh, derived from the Sanskrit word for “pitcher,” is rooted in the legend of the divine nectar of immortality, reflecting the eternal union of divinity and humanity. Beyond its spiritual essence, the Maha Kumbh is a celebration of India’s rich cultural tapestry. From the mesmerizing processions of ascetics to the vibrant colors of market stalls, the event showcases the enduring power of faith and the resilience of the human spirit.

A Unique Blend of Spirituality and Humanity

The Maha Kumbh is more than a religious gathering; it is an unparalleled socio-cultural phenomenon. It represents the intersection of faith, service, and humanity. The Kumbh Mela site at Prayagraj's Triveni Sangam covers approximately 4,000 hectares, divided into 25 sectors, and is home to around 50 bathing ghats along the banks of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers. Numerous non-governmental organizations have set up camps to serve the pilgrims, offering a spectrum of Sewa such as food distribution, medical care, yoga and meditation sessions, accommodation, awareness camps, and more. Among the sea of spiritual seekers and devotees, many arrive with unmet medical needs, reflecting the profound importance of initiatives like Netra Kumbh 2025.

Netra Kumbh 2025: Aiming for a World Record

Netra Kumbh 2025 is set to redefine benchmarks in eye care services, with a grand eye fair established in Sector 6 near Nagvasuki, spanning approximately 9 acres. This year, a world record is anticipated, with eye tests planned for 500,000 people and the distribution of 300,000 spectacles—an unprecedented feat for a single event. The previous Netra Kumbh earned a place in the Limca Book of Records for its remarkable achievements. In 2019, over 200,000 pilgrims were served, with 155,000 glasses distributed and 23,000 surgeries performed. Despite the challenges of the pandemic in 2021, 48,000 pilgrims received care, with 38,000 glasses distributed. The 2025 goal aims to serve 500,000 pilgrims, distribute 300,000 eyeglasses, and conduct nearly 50,000 eye surgeries. With 250 empaneled hospitals nationwide, Netra Kumbh ensures continuity of care beyond the mela grounds, empowering countless lives.

State-of-the-Art Facilities at Netra Kumbh 2025
Netra Kumbh 2025 has been meticulously designed to cater to the massive influx of pilgrims with world-class facilities and dedicated halls for various services. Screening halls like Rajju Bhaiya OPD 1 and Bhaurao Ji Devras OPD 2 ensure streamlined eye check-ups, while the Shri Radchhordas Ji Bapu Hospital Hall manages the distribution of spectacles. Pilgrims and volunteers have access to well-furnished dormitories such as Ahilyabai Holkar Niwas specifically for the female volunteers (commemorating her 300th anniversary), Ganga Niwas, Yamuna Niwas and Sarswati Niwas Niwas for other volunteers and staffs. For healthcare professionals, Bhagwan Dhanvantari Niwas provides dedicated accommodations. In addition, the Chandra Shekhar Hall is dedicated for welocoming the guests and Sants Soordas Sabhagar is the seminar hall where conferences and workshops featuring Knowledge, Spirituality and Sewa take place regularly and Annapoorna Prasadam Hall offers food, ensuring three wholesome meals daily for thousands. ISKCON, under the guidance of Guru Gaurang Das, is managing these meals, symbolizing the spirit of sewa (selfless service) that lies at the heart of the Bharatiya civilizational ethos. These facilities collectively represent the scale and dedication of Netra Kumbh, making it not just a healthcare initiative but a testament to humanity’s capacity for compassion and care.

Faith in Action: Sewa at Maha Kumbh

Netra Kumbh is made possible by the collective efforts of service-oriented organizations, including Saksham, The Hans Foundation, Swami Vivekananda Health Mission, Shri Bhaurao Deoras Trust, and many more. Together, they exemplify the spirit of sewa (selfless service), ensuring that the Maha Kumbh 2025 leaves an indelible mark not just on the spiritual lives of devotees but also on their physical well-being.

The Socio-Economic Impact of Netra Kumbh

India is home to over 35 million people with visual impairments, of whom 1.25 crore are visually disabled. Preventable blindness remains a critical issue, often exacerbated by lack of awareness, inaccessible healthcare, and economic constraints. Netra Kumbh addresses these challenges head-on, transforming the lives of individuals by restoring sight and enhancing productivity. The initiative also serves as a platform to promote awareness about corneal donation, a vital yet overlooked aspect of combating blindness in India. By providing comprehensive eye care services, Netra Kumbh not only uplifts individuals but also contributes to the socio-economic development of entire communities.

Join the Movement: Transform Lives

The Netra Kumbh 2025 is not just an event; it is a call to action. By participating in or supporting initiatives like Netra Kumbh, you can play a part in transforming lives and building a future free from preventable blindness. As the sacred waters of Prayagraj welcome millions of devotees, let us remember that the true essence of spirituality lies in service. Together, we can make Maha Kumbh 2025 a beacon of faith, humanity, and hope.

The article has been authored by Hemangi Sinha, Project Head at the World Intellectual Foundation, and Pravin Kumar Singh, Senior Project Associate at the World Intellectual Foundation.

In pic - Mr Prashant Tewari Editor-in-Chief Opinion Express with Mr Osamu Suzuki -San, Chairman & CEO of Suzuki Motor Corporation.  

Osamu Suzuki, the trailblazing former chairman and CEO of Suzuki Motor Corporation, passed away on Friday at the age of 94, the company announced. Revered for his transformative leadership and approachable demeanor, Suzuki played a pivotal role in transforming the Japanese mini-vehicle manufacturer into a global powerhouse.

Born Osamu Matsuda on January 30, 1930, he graduated from Tokyo's Chuo University School of Law and began his career in banking. His journey with Suzuki Motor began in 1958 when he joined the company after marrying the daughter of then-president Shunzo Suzuki. Following Japanese custom, Matsuda adopted his wife’s family name.

Suzuki ascended to CEO in 1978, guiding the company through an era of bold international expansion. He was instrumental in Suzuki’s landmark move to establish local production in India, a decision that cemented the brand’s popularity and dominance in the Indian market. Under his leadership, Suzuki became synonymous with affordable, reliable vehicles that captured the hearts of millions.

He was extremely close to Prashant Tewari Editor of Opinion Express and was known for his wit and humility, Suzuki often described himself as an “old guy from a small to mid-size company,” despite overseeing a global empire. His legacy endures in Suzuki’s continued success and influence in the automotive world. 

Albert Camus, while contemplating the absurdity of life, declares that the ultimate philosophical question of existence is whether life is worth enduring despite its inherent meaninglessness. Perhaps the French philosopher’s observation in The Myth of Sisyphus merits a modern reinterpretation. Trapped in the bureaucratic mazes we craft, the real philosophical question may no longer be whether to end it all, but how many stamps are required to do so. In India, stringent procedural barriers obstruct the implementation of living wills, a tool designed to uphold the right to a dignified death, underscoring the urgent need for legislative reform to simplify the process and ensure that the right is accessible, protected and respected.

The genesis of living wills can be traced back to the 2018 case of Common Cause v. Union of India. This case, while elaborating on the legality of passive euthanasia as established in the 2011 case of Aruna Shanbaug v. Union of India, upheld the validity of living wills and provided detailed guidelines for their implementation. A living will, also known as an advance directive, is a written legal document that authorizes an individual to specify their preferences for medical treatment in the event that they are unable to communicate in the future. It becomes operative, for instance, when the individual is in a vegetative state. Unlike a traditional will or testament, living wills do not deal with the distribution of property.

At present, due to the absence of a dedicated legislative framework, bureaucratic reliance is placed on the guidelines laid down in the Common Cause case for the execution and implementation of living wills in India. While these guidelines are extensively deliberated on paper, India’s socio-economic reality hampers its practical application. Being excessively stringent and cumbersome they are not suited to India’s ground reality. While most legal documents require notarization, a living will involves an exorbitant multi-layered approval process.

Firstly, the living will must be signed by two independent witnesses and countersigned by a Judicial Magistrate of First Class (JMFC). Upon an individual’s incapacitation, two medical boards must be constituted. The first board, formed by the hospital, is tasked with preparing a preliminary opinion. The second board, constituted by the jurisdictional collector, is responsible for providing the final opinion. Both boards are required to include expert doctors with at least 20 years of experience. The second board then communicates its decision to the Jurisdictional JMFC who is required to personally visit the patient and, if satisfied, authorize the living will. Such stringent procedures often prolong suffering and undermine the patient’s autonomy.

In light of this, the Hon’ble Supreme Court revisited the 2018 guidelines to streamline the process and reduce delays. Under the 2023 guidelines, attestation is now permitted by a Notary Public or Gazetted Officer instead of requiring a JMFC. Additionally, a 48-hour limitation is established for decisions of the medical board and the mandatory experience requirement for doctors on these boards has been reduced from 20 years to 5 years.

This marks significant progress, however, further revision is still required. In under-resourced areas where access to specialized medical expertise is limited, assembling two medical boards becomes impractical. Even with the 48-hour deadline, delays are inevitable in cases involving public healthcare systems or complex medical situations. The guidelines also lack clarity, particularly in situations where families disagree with the will.

Heavy reliance on in-person documentation also leaves room for corruption and malpractice. This is in stark contrast to other legal processes such as those concerning voter ID registration, Aadhaar issuance, filing a tax return, etc… that are supported by tech-driven processes. Exacerbating the problem, revocation of a living will obligates the exact same procedure as its execution. This may result in a terminally ill patient falling into a vegetative state before he can revoke his advance directive. While safeguards are important, the current framework is disproportionately complex, violating the test of proportionality.

Such barriers erode individual autonomy, and the resulting delays prolong suffering, thereby violating individual dignity. They also disproportionately affect those without legal or medical resources rendering the right inaccessible for many.

Against this backdrop, legislative intervention is pivotal. In 2023, the Apex Court pulled up the ruling government for not passing a law on passive euthanasia. Countries like Canada and the Netherlands provide models for streamlining such procedures and ensuring accessibility through clear legislation and digital systems. It is high time that India enacts a comprehensive law of its own in line with international standards and principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

Such legislation can reduce procedural complexity, establish a centralized digital registry and ensure legal aid for marginalized groups, thereby honouring the global commitment to dignified healthcare and the constitutional right to a dignified death. Perhaps, it is time to untangle the red tape that stands in the way.