India, with its burgeoning population of over 140 crores is a ticking time bomb, faces a unique set of challenges, not least of which is the alarming devaluation of human life. As the country grapples with its immense size, the inherent worth of being human seems to have diminished. This indifference has crept into the fabric of our society, evident in the collective apathy towards the frequent and tragic loss of life, whether it be young soldiers martyred at the borders, innocent lives lost in road and railway accidents, or the relentless incidents of rape and murder of our children and women across the nation.

The sacrifices of our soldiers, who defend the nation with unparalleled bravery, often go unnoticed by the general populace. Despite daily reports of soldiers laying down their lives to protect the country from external threats, the sense of loss seems to dissipate quickly, buried under the weight of routine news. What should be a moment of national mourning and reflection is instead met with a mere shrug of the shoulders, as if the lives lost are just numbers to be reported and forgotten.

This indifference is not just limited to the lives of soldiers. The sheer frequency of road and railway accidents in India, resulting in the death of thousands every year, has also contributed to the desensitization of the public. The news of such tragedies, though tragic, has become so common that it no longer evokes the shock and outrage it rightly deserves. Instead, it is met with a resigned acceptance, as if these losses are an inevitable part of life in a country with such a large population.

The situation is even more dire when it comes to the safety and dignity of women in India. The horrifying incidents of rape and murder have become so frequent that they no longer provoke the outrage and action they should. Instead, they are often reduced to mere talking points for political parties looking to gain an advantage over their rivals. The recent rape and murder of a lady doctor in Kolkata is a prime example of this. The incident, which should have sparked a nationwide outcry and demand for justice, has instead become a political football, with various parties using it to attack each other while doing little to address the root causes of such violence.

The lack of accountability and the systemic failures that allow such crimes to continue unchecked are a damning indictment of the state of law and order in the country. The political parties in charge, rather than taking responsibility and working to improve the situation, often resort to playing the victim card or deflecting blame onto others. This is evident in the response of the ruling party in West Bengal, where the incident occurred, as they attempt to downplay their failings while accusing the opposition of politicizing the tragedy.

The Role of Politics in Perpetuating Apathy

Politics in India has become a theater of the absurd, where real issues are overshadowed by the constant bickering and blame games between parties. The tragic loss of lives, whether due to accidents, natural disasters, or heinous crimes, is often exploited for political gain rather than being treated as a matter of national concern. In the Wayanad tragedy, for example, the BJP and Congress were quick to attack the ruling CPM, while in the Kolkata incident, the Congress and BJP criticized Mamata Banerjee's administration. Similarly, the Congress and Mamata Banerjee did not hesitate to point fingers at Uttar Pradesh's Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath over the Hathras incident.

This political mudslinging serves only to divert attention from the real issues, leaving the victims and their families to suffer in silence. The state police, too often beholden to their political masters, frequently botch investigations, leading to a lack of accountability and justice. When these cases are eventually handed over to central agencies, the blame game continues, with state police and central agencies accusing each other of non-cooperation, further delaying justice.

The Opaque and Inefficient System

The Indian justice system, once a beacon of hope for the oppressed, has become so opaque and inefficient that navigating it is akin to walking through a minefield. For ordinary citizens, seeking justice or even basic assistance from the state has become an arduous task, fraught with delays, corruption, and indifference. The system, designed to protect and serve the people, has become a labyrinth where the powerful manipulate outcomes to their advantage, leaving the common man to fend for himself.

A glaring example of this is the selective scrutiny by tax authorities. While ordinary citizens are subjected to intense scrutiny over their spending on weddings, birthdays, and even the purchase of a car or a house, the same authorities turn a blind eye to the lavish expenditures of the country's wealthiest individuals. There is a stark contrast in the treatment of a common man versus a business tycoon, especially those closely aligned with the government.

Consider the case study of two prominent Indian business houses, where no questions are asked about the exorbitant wedding expenditures or the source of equity capital used to acquire valuable national assets at distressed values. Despite the clear discrepancies, the tax authorities refrain from sending notices or seeking explanations, highlighting the stark inequality in the application of the law.

The Kolkata rape and murder case is not just a tragedy; it is a glaring example of the tyranny of injustice that pervades our society. The fact that a political party, which is in charge of the state police, chooses to play the victim card rather than addressing the failures of the state machinery, is a clear indication of the rot within the system. The silence of the vocal women MPs of the TMC party, who lack the courage to criticize the state government's failures, further compounds the issue, consolidating the fact that their political career is more important than the misery of the murdered woman doctor’s family.

In the face of such blatant injustice, the judiciary often attempts to step in, sometimes with overzealous actions that garner national media attention. However, these efforts often lead nowhere, as the root causes of the problems remain unaddressed. The system, instead of being a source of protection and justice, has become so dysfunctional that it offers no solace to those who seek it.

The Desensitization of Society

One of the most disturbing aspects of this situation is the desensitization of society as a whole. With the ever-growing population crossing the 140 crore mark, the loss of a few lakhs of people, whether through natural disasters, accidents, or violence, is often seen as inconsequential. This callous attitude towards human life is a reflection of a deeper societal malaise, where the sheer size of the population has led to a devaluation of individual lives.

Natural disasters, which claim thousands of lives every year, are quickly forgotten, with little to no efforts made to address the underlying issues that exacerbate their impact. The tragic loss of life is reduced to mere statistics, and the incidents are swiftly erased from public memory, overshadowed by the next big news story.

At the heart of this crisis is the failure of governance at multiple levels. The government's inability to provide basic safety, security, and justice to its citizens is a fundamental breach of its responsibilities. The systemic failures that allow such tragedies to occur with alarming regularity are a direct result of poor governance, where accountability is virtually non-existent, and political interests take precedence over the welfare of the people.

The lack of political will to address these issues is evident in the way different incidents are handled across states. Whether it is the failure of the police in Kolkata, the negligence in Hathras, or the incompetence in Wayanad, the common thread is a lack of accountability and a refusal to address the root causes of these problems. Instead, political parties focus on short-term gains, exploiting tragedies for electoral advantage rather than working towards long-term solutions.

The current state of affairs is unsustainable, and it is imperative that we, as a society, demand change. The value of human life cannot be measured in numbers, and the loss of even a single life should be a matter of national concern. The government, political parties, and law enforcement agencies must be held accountable for their actions, and the system must be reformed to ensure that justice is not just an ideal but a reality for all citizens.

Moreover, as citizens, we must resist the urge to become desensitized to the tragedies that occur around us. We must remember that each life lost is a tragedy, and it is our collective responsibility to ensure that these losses are not in vain. This requires a fundamental shift in our attitudes, where the value of human life is paramount, and where we hold our leaders accountable for their failures.

The challenges facing India are immense, but they are not insurmountable. With the right leadership, a commitment to justice, and a renewed sense of the value of human life, we can build a society that truly reflects the principles of equality, justice, and compassion that our nation was founded upon. It is time to move beyond the politics of blame and indifference and work towards a future where every life is valued, and every citizen is protected. However, India is sustaining one-sixth of humanity on less than 3% of the world's land mass. This is stretching the limited resources to the optimum level, and the model will collapse sooner than expected if the corrective measures are taken urgently.

The political upheaval in Bangladesh, marked by the ouster of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and the rise of radical elements, has created a security nightmare for India. This turmoil threatens to destabilize the region and has far-reaching implications for India's security, particularly in the eastern corridor. With Pakistan's instability and China's increasing influence, the situation is becoming increasingly complex.

The Bangladesh Crisis

The recent political crisis in Bangladesh began with massive protests over a jobs quota, which escalated into violent unrest, leading to the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus has been appointed as the head of the interim government, but the rapid reshuffling of military leadership and the release of BNP chairperson Khaleda Zia from house arrest indicate a volatile political landscape. Reports of ethnic violence, particularly targeting Hindus, have surfaced, raising concerns about the rise of radical groups like the Jammat-e-Islami, which has ties to extremist ideologies.

The takeover of radical elements in Bangladesh, particularly the Jammat-e-Islami, poses a significant threat to regional stability. Jammat, with its ideological ties to the Deobandi and Taliban movements, has a history of promoting extremist views. Their ascendance in Bangladesh provides Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) with a strategic tool to influence the eastern corridor of India. This development is alarming for Indian security agencies, as it increases the likelihood of cross-border terrorism and infiltration by radical elements.

The rise of Jammat in Bangladesh has led to concerns about ethnic cleansing and human rights violations, particularly against the Hindu minority. Jammat's ideological alignment with extremist groups like the Taliban raises fears of targeted violence against minorities. Such actions not only destabilize Bangladesh but also have a spillover effect on India, potentially leading to communal tensions and violence in border areas.

Pakistan and China's Strategic Maneuvers

Pakistan, facing economic collapse, is increasingly dependent on China for financial and military support. China, with its deep pockets, is poised to manipulate Pakistan to further its strategic interests against India. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and other infrastructure projects have deepened Pakistan's reliance on China, giving Beijing significant leverage. This relationship enables China to use Pakistan as a proxy to destabilize India, especially in the context of the current turmoil in Bangladesh.

India shares a long and porous border with Bangladesh, which has historically been a conduit for illegal migration and smuggling. The current chaos in Bangladesh exacerbates these issues, as radical elements may exploit the porous borders to infiltrate India. The presence of over 30 million illegal Bangladeshi immigrants in India adds to the complexity of managing border security. This influx of illegal immigrants not only strains India's resources but also poses a significant security risk, as it could include radicalized individuals.

Political Instability in India

The political situation in India adds another layer of complexity to the security scenario. Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government is perceived to be at its weakest in a decade, facing numerous domestic challenges. Opposition parties and various social movements have capitalized on this vulnerability, leading to widespread protests and unrest. This internal instability is well-known to radical Islamist groups and China's strategic planners, who may see this as an opportune moment to exploit India's weakened political landscape.

India's approach to security, characterized by diplomatic engagements and strategic posturing, has been criticized as inadequate in the face of these emerging threats. External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar's hawkish diplomatic efforts and National Security Advisor Ajit Doval's offensive-defensive policy are viewed by some as insufficient and ineffective, at least on the ground. The current crisis demands a more robust and proactive security strategy, including enhanced border security, intelligence gathering, and counter-terrorism measures.

Geopolitical Dynamics and India's Position

India's foreign policy has increasingly leaned towards the United States, seeking to balance its global strategic interests. However, the U.S. is not an all-weather ally and has its geopolitical priorities. The U.S. pressure on Russia has pushed Moscow closer to China, creating a challenging situation for India, which historically had strong ties with Russia. This geopolitical realignment in Asia leaves India in a precarious position, sandwiched between two major powers and facing threats from multiple fronts.

The need to modernize India's military and paramilitary forces to address these security challenges requires substantial investment. This increased defense spending could strain India's economic growth, which is already facing headwinds from global economic uncertainties. Balancing the need for economic development with the imperative of ensuring national security presents a significant policy challenge for the Indian government.

The recent coups and political instability in South Asian countries post-COVID-19 highlight a worrying trend. External forces have successfully instigated political upheaval in several countries, and India must be vigilant against similar attempts within its borders. The farmers' agitation, student protests, and caste-based movements in India indicate underlying social tensions that external actors could exploit to destabilize the government.

The turmoil in Bangladesh, marked by the rise of radical elements and political instability, poses a significant security threat to India. The interplay of regional dynamics involving Pakistan, China, and the broader geopolitical landscape adds to the situation's complexity. India must adopt a multi-faceted approach to address these challenges, including strengthening border security, enhancing intelligence capabilities, and investing in military modernization. India need to focus on the internal faultlines in Kashmir, western Uttar Pradesh, Nepal border in Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, Few districts in Kerala. Fostering political stability, strengthening military power and addressing domestic social issues are crucial to safeguarding India's national security during these turbulent times.

As 1.4 billion Indians gear up for the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, anticipation and speculation are at an all-time high regarding the potential outcomes and the broad impacts that these elections might have, both nationally and globally. The dynamics of alliances and coalitions are also poised for a shift in the upcoming elections. The
ruling Bharatiya Janata Party led National Democratic Alliance is seeking to consolidate its position and secure a renewed mandate, highlighting its achievements in governance, economic reforms, and national security. On the other hand, the opposition parties, including the Indian National Congress and various regional outfits, are aiming to forge alliances and present a united front against the incumbent government.

Key issues such as economic recovery post-pandemic, job creation, agrarian reforms, healthcare infrastructure, and national security are expected to feature prominently in the electoral discourse. The outcome of the elections will likely hinge on how effectively political parties address these pressing concerns and connect with the aspirations of the electorate, particularly the youth and marginalized communities.

The role of technology and social media in shaping political narratives and mobilizing voters cannot be overlooked. Digital campaigning, data analytics, and social media outreach have become integral components of modern-day electioneering, allowing parties to reach a wider audience and engage with voters on a personalized level. The 2024 elections are likely to witness an even greater reliance on digital platforms, with parties vying for digital supremacy and leveraging technology for targeted messaging and voter outreach strategies.

From a national perspective, the outcome of the Lok Sabha elections will have far-reaching implications for India's governance, policy direction, and socio-economic development. A decisive mandate in favor of any political formation could provide the stability and mandate needed to pursue bold reforms and transformative initiatives. Conversely, a fragmented mandate or a closely contested election could lead to coalition politics and the need for consensus-building among diverse political forces.

Internationally, the 2024 Lok Sabha elections will be closely watched, given India's growing influence on the global stage. India's foreign policy priorities, strategic partnerships, and engagements with major powers and international organizations are expected to continue evolving, regardless of the election outcome. However, the diplomatic landscape may witness subtle shifts based on the priorities and approaches of the new government.

In conclusion, the 2024 Lok Sabha elections hold immense significance for India's democratic fabric, political trajectory, and global positioning. Surely, another term for the Narendra Modi government will dramatically change the social fabric of the country. The anticipated outcome and broad impacts of these elections underscore the critical role of informed voting, robust democratic institutions, and active citizen participation in shaping the country's future trajectory.

Prashant Tewari Editor-in-Chief

The recently concluded state assembly elections in India witnessed a political landscape where the formidable combination of a strong Modi brand, a well-organized Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and abundant resources proved to be a decisive force. The opposition, characterized by weak leadership, organizational deficiencies, and a lack of coherent strategy, found itself overwhelmed in the face of the BJP juggernaut.

The Strong Brand Modi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi's persona has evolved into a powerful political brand that transcends regional boundaries. His leadership style, characterized by decisiveness, charisma, and effective communication, has created a magnetic effect that resonates with a broad spectrum of voters. Modi's narrative of development, national security, and good governance has become synonymous with the BJP's agenda. In the absence of strong regional faces in the opposition, voters often gravitated towards the familiarity and perceived stability offered by the Modi brand.

Formidable Party Organization: The BJP's organizational strength played a pivotal role in securing victories in the state assembly elections. The party's ground-level machinery, comprising dedicated workers and a robust cadre, effectively executed the election strategy. The BJP's ability to mobilize support at the grassroots level, coupled with its meticulous planning and execution, outshone the disorganized efforts of the opposition. The party's organizational structure, with a clear chain of command and well-defined roles, contributed to a cohesive and disciplined campaign.

Abundance of Resources: The BJP's financial prowess and resource mobilization capabilities significantly contributed to its electoral dominance. The party, backed by a vast network of donors and supporters, had the financial muscle to mount an extensive and well-funded campaign. This financial advantage allowed the BJP to leverage modern campaign tools, conduct large-scale rallies, and invest in extensive outreach programs. In contrast, the cash-strapped opposition struggled to match the BJP's financial firepower, limiting its ability to effectively reach voters and convey its message.

Weak Congress Party Leadership: One of the defining factors in the electoral landscape was the absence of strong and charismatic leaders in the congress camp. The lack of credible regional faces capable of countering Modi's influence left the opposition in a vulnerable position. While the BJP projected a unified leadership under Modi, the opposition appeared fragmented and lacked a unifying figure. The absence of leaders with mass appeal and a clear vision contributed to the perception of a leadership vacuum, which the BJP skillfully exploited.

Organizational Deficiencies: The Congress party's organizational deficiencies were glaring, with infighting, lack of coordination, and factionalism hindering its ability to mount an effective challenge. The absence of a cohesive strategy, both at the state and national levels, further weakened the opposition's position. The BJP's disciplined organizational machinery capitalized on these weaknesses, ensuring that the opposition remained divided and unable to present a united front.

Clueless Strategy: The Congress Party electoral strategy seemed devoid of a coherent and impactful narrative. The failure to articulate a compelling vision or counter the BJP's key themes allowed the Modi-led party to dictate the terms of the electoral discourse. The opposition's inability to connect with voters on critical issues and the absence of a well-defined strategy left it trailing behind the BJP, which effectively controlled the narrative throughout the campaign.

In conclusion, the recently concluded state assembly elections showcased the dominance of the Modi brand, a formidable BJP organization, and abundant resources in shaping electoral outcomes. The weak opposition, characterized by a lack of strong leadership, organizational deficiencies, and a haphazard strategy, found itself outmaneuvered by the well-oiled machinery of the ruling party. As India's political landscape continues to evolve, the lessons from these elections underscore the importance of leadership, organization, and strategic acumen in the pursuit of electoral success.

Prashant Tewari, Editor-in-Chief

This success is a combination of Organizational Prowess, Modi Magic, Ideological Foundation, and RSS Influence. 

In the democratic landscape of India, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has once again emerged victorious in the 2023 state elections, showcasing a remarkable display of organizational skills, the Narendra Modi brand, a strong ideological base, and the guiding influence of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). This article delves into the multifaceted factors that contributed to the BJP's massive electoral success, dissecting the intricacies of its campaign strategy and the symbiotic relationship between the party, its charismatic leader, and the ideological roots it draws upon.

Organizational Prowess:

One of the key elements behind the BJP's electoral triumph is its formidable organizational machinery. The party has invested heavily in building a robust ground game, focusing on booth-level management and grassroots outreach. The meticulous planning and execution of their election strategy, coupled with an extensive network of party workers, enabled the BJP to connect with voters at a micro level. The emphasis on data analytics and targeted campaigning further amplified their reach, allowing the party to tailor its message to specific demographics.

The BJP's ability to adapt to changing political landscapes and effectively communicate its policies and achievements at the grassroots level played a pivotal role in securing victory. The groundwork laid by the party over the years in terms of cadre training, volunteer mobilization, and technology integration has been instrumental in consolidating its electoral base.

Narendra Modi Brand:

The charismatic leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi continues to be a central driving force behind the BJP's electoral success. Modi's popularity transcends regional boundaries, and his image as a decisive and dynamic leader resonates with a significant segment of the electorate. The 2023 state elections once again witnessed the "Modi wave," where voters were swayed by the promise of strong leadership, economic development, and a resolute approach to national security.

The BJP intelligently leveraged the Modi brand in its campaign, projecting him as the face of progress and stability. Modi's ability to connect with voters through impactful speeches and a charismatic persona has consistently given the BJP an edge in electoral battles. The party strategically utilized social media platforms, town hall meetings, and mass rallies to amplify the Modi effect, creating a sense of trust and confidence among the electorate.

Ideological Foundation:

The BJP's success is deeply rooted in its strong ideological foundation, based on the principles of Hindutva and nationalism. The party's commitment to a cultural and nationalistic agenda has resonated with a significant portion of the Indian electorate. The articulation of a clear vision for the country, rooted in a blend of cultural pride and economic progress, has helped the BJP forge a distinctive identity.

In the 2023 state elections, the party skilfully crafted its narrative around issues such as cultural preservation, national security, and economic development. By aligning itself with the aspirations of the common citizen and presenting a vision for a 'New India,' the BJP was able to consolidate its support base and appeal to a diverse demographic. The ideological underpinnings served as a guiding compass, shaping both the party's policies and its communication strategy.

RSS Guidance:

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the ideological parent of the BJP, plays a crucial role in shaping the party's long-term vision and strategy. The symbiotic relationship between the RSS and the BJP provides the latter with ideological clarity and organizational discipline. The network of RSS volunteers, known as swayamsevaks, forms a significant part of the ground-level machinery, contributing to the party's organizational strength.

While the BJP, as a political entity, maintains autonomy, the ideological guidance from the RSS serves as a bedrock for the party's policies and actions. The RSS's emphasis on cultural nationalism, social cohesion, and grassroots activism aligns with the BJP's broader agenda. The disciplined cadre and ideological coherence provided by the RSS contribute to the BJP's ability to navigate diverse socio-political landscapes.

Conclusion:

The BJP's triumph in the 2023 state elections can be attributed to a harmonious interplay of organizational prowess, the charismatic leadership of Narendra Modi, a robust ideological foundation, and the guiding influence of the RSS. The party's commitment to effective governance, coupled with a keen understanding of the electorate's pulse, has cemented its position as a dominant political force in India.

As the BJP celebrates its electoral victory, it faces the ongoing challenge of translating this success into tangible governance and addressing the diverse needs of a vast and complex nation. The intricate balance between organizational efficiency, leadership charisma, ideological coherence, and guidance from the RSS will continue to shape the BJP's trajectory in Indian politics. Surely, the roadmap to General Elections 2024 is just a step away from this formidable election machine.

India's Digital India initiative has emerged as a beacon of inspiration, showcasing the country's commitment to taking digitalization to the next level. Launched by the Government of India in 2015, Digital India encompasses a comprehensive vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. Through a range of transformative initiatives, Digital India has become a remarkable global example of harnessing digital technologies for inclusive growth and development.

At its core, Digital India seeks to bridge the digital divide by ensuring equitable access to digital infrastructure and services across the country. It aims to connect every citizen with the power of technology, enabling them to participate fully in the digital age. With a focus on three key areas - digital infrastructure, digital empowerment, and digital services - Digital India has brought about significant progress and has been recognized internationally for its achievements.

One of the cornerstones of Digital India is the establishment of a robust digital infrastructure. The initiative has spearheaded the deployment of high-speed broadband connectivity to every corner of the nation, including rural and remote areas. Under the BharatNet project, the government has laid an extensive optical fiber network, connecting over 250,000 village panchayats (local administrative units) with broadband services. This has empowered millions of Indians with access to the internet, opening up a world of information, education, and opportunities previously inaccessible to them.

Furthermore, Digital India has revolutionized the delivery of government services through digital platforms, making them more accessible, efficient, and transparent. The implementation of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has transformed the way financial transactions are conducted, enabling seamless, secure, and real-time payments across different banks and payment service providers. The Digital Locker System, e-Hospital, and e-Procurement are some other notable examples of digital services introduced under Digital India, streamlining administrative processes and enhancing service delivery to citizens.

Digital India's impact extends beyond national boundaries, serving as a source of inspiration for countries worldwide. Moreover, Digital India has paved the way for a vibrant digital startup ecosystem, nurturing a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship. Initiatives like the Startup India program have provided a conducive environment for budding entrepreneurs to leverage digital technologies and launch innovative ventures. As a result, India has witnessed a surge in digital startups across various sectors, further propelling economic growth and creating employment opportunities.

In conclusion, Digital India stands as a shining example for the world, showcasing India's unwavering commitment to taking digitalization to the next level. Through its comprehensive vision, focus on digital infrastructure, digital empowerment, and digital services, Digital India has made significant strides in bridging the digital divide and empowering citizens. Its success story has not only transformed India but has also inspired countries globally to embark on similar digital transformation journeys. With its inclusive and transformative approach, Digital India has set a new standard for leveraging digital technologies for societal progress and serves as an inspiration for the world.

Prashant Tewari, Editor in Chief

The political parties in India try to outdo each other in luring the Indian voters with assorted goodies called freebies. This trend has gained more momentum in recent times with the political parties being innovative in their offerings as the ‘traditional free water and electricity is no longer sufficient as election goodies. The political dialogue built around freebies is fraught with danger as it shakes the root of free and fair elections to a large degree. The unviable pre-election promises adversely affect the informed decision-making by voters. This calls for fixing the gaps in the design, execution and accountability of freebie culture.

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In fact, the country has already suffered a great deal of damage because of freebies. Unfortunately, all parties, including the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Congress, indulge in irresponsible populism and mad welfarism. While there can be justification for free education and healthcare, there can be no justification for the distribution of grinders, washing machines, television sets, laptops, subsidised pilgrimages, free electricity, farm loan waivers, and so on. It is not that nobody earlier warned against the consequences of populism. It is a “race to the bottom” and “a quick passport to fiscal disaster.”

FREEBIE THREATEN TO HURT INDIA’S STORY?

The results are for all to see. A recent RBI study said, “We can identify a core subset of highly stressed states from among the 10 states identified by the necessary condition i.e., the debt/GSDP ratio. The highly stressed states are Bihar, Kerala, Punjab, Rajasthan and West Bengal.” GSDP is the state GDP. The states with the highest debt-to-GSDP ratio in 2021-22 include Punjab at 53.3%, Rajasthan at 39.8%, West Bengal at 38.8%, Kerala at 38.3% and Andhra Pradesh at 32.4% whereas the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act recommended a debt-to-GDP ratio of 20% for state governments (40% for the Centre) by the financial year 2022-23. This level of debt is extremely concerning and is largely the result of committed expenditure and subsidies under populist schemes coupled with slow growth in revenues. 

Most of the states, however, post a healthy picture of their finances which is aided by the fact that much of the borrowing that funds these freebies happens off-budget, beyond the pale of FRBM tracking.

A case in point is Latin America which provides key learning lessons on populist politics. Populism was active during the 1920s through to the 1970s, when the working poor united behind icons like Brazil’s Getúlio Vargas and Argentina’s Juan Perón over their dissatisfaction with industrialisation. Populist governments resorted to inflationary financing to grant benefits to the poor. By the 1980s, uncontrolled public spending resulted in excessive fiscal deficits, unsustainable public debt and intractable inflation. Latin America’s ‘Lost Decade’ followed. Growth, at 5.6% in the 1970s, shrunk to 1.3% and stagnated for another decade. By the 1990s, inflation had reached 1,000% in countries like Brazil, and the poor suffered exponentially. Large economies including Mexico, Argentina and Brazil languished, and up to half of Latin Americans slid into poverty. It will augur well for India and its political stakeholders to imbibe the lessons of Latin America and how the first generation of fiscal reforms introduced in Latin America introduced political stability in the early 2000s. Going down the same path as Latin America may result in a ‘lost decade’ for India also. 

ROADMAP

Since getting elected is not a license to kill, the elected representatives must not act arbitrarily. The system of monarchy and practicing democracy have a distinction wherein in the latter system, the leader is accountable for all the actions while in the office including the finances and its management. In India, many regional and even national leaders consider themselves the incarnation of god. The reckless way these leaders spend public money is just unacceptable in an orderly society and there have to be reasonable restrictions to be imposed on them while they systematically corrupt the society by offering freebies over quality governance, just to safeguard the macro interest of the society and the growth of the country.   

Prashant Tewari Editor-in-Chief

Vaishnavism is one of the major forms of modern Hinduism, characterized by devotion to the god Vishnu and his incarnations. A devotee of Vishnu is called a Vaishnava. The Vaishnavite tradition is known for its loving devotion to an avatar of Vishnu, and as such was key to the spread of the Bhakti movement in South Asia in the 2nd millennium CE. For Vaishnava, absolute reality is manifested in Vishnu, who in turn is incarnated in Rama, Krishna, and other avatars. Through his avatars, Vishnu defends traditional righteousness in keeping with the moral law.

Vaishnavism is the worship and acceptance of Vishnu. The various sects of worshippers of Vishnu pray to him in different ways. For some, the goal of religious devotion to Vishnu is liberation from the cycle of birth and death. For others, it is health and prosperity in this life, good crops, success in business, or thriving children.

Vaishnavism comprises many sects and groups that differ in their interpretation of the relationship between the individual and God. It has four main categories of sub-schools: the medieval-era Vishishtadvaita school of Ramanuja, the Dvaita school of Madhvacharya, the Dvaitadvaita school of Nimbarkacharya, and the Pushtimarg of Vallabhacharya. The Srivaishnava sect, for example, emphasizes the doctrine of qualified non-dualism of Ramanuja, according to which, although the differentiated phenomenal world is illusory, it is nevertheless the medium through which devotees may gain access to God. Another group professes the dualism of the philosopher Madhva, the belief that God and the soul are separate entities and that the soul’s existence is dependent on God. The Pushtimarg sect maintains the pure non-dualism doctrine of the theologian Vallabhacharya, which does not declare the phenomenal world to be an illusion. The Gaudiya sect, founded by Chaitanya, teaches inconceivable duality and non-duality, the belief that the relation between God and the world is beyond the scope of human comprehension.

The first supreme omnipresent Jagad Guru Shrimad Vallabhacharya Mahaprabhuji established the Vaishnav religious system to grace upon the Universe, the Divine Grace, also known as Pushtimarg.

Sri Ramanujacharya Swamy, who graced this world in the 11th century, is the most important exponent of Sri Vaishnavism. His legacy is not just how many hearts he has touched, but how many ‘souls’ he has transformed.

The current proponent of Vallabhacharya and Ramanujacharya cults namely HH Dwarkeshlalji Maharaj and HH Chinna Jeeyar Swamy respectively are doing a fabulous job to promote global peace, tranquility, and universal well-being. The two Ambassadors of the Vaishnav cult have united the nation and international PIO population with their motherland.

The PLA -- the world's largest military force with more than 2 million active personnel -- is often described as "party-army" with professional characteristics". Mao's successor, Deng Xiaoping, made a concerted effort to put the PLA under the command of the state instead of the CCP -- an initiative carried forward by his successors, albeit with varying degrees of emphasis. The ascent of Xi Jinping in 2013 marked a new chapter as he sought to inject a renewed sense of party ideology into the PLA and modernise it.

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) announced the most extensive set of reforms for the Peoples's Liberation Army (PLA) in its history. These reforms sought to consolidate President Xi Jinping's hold over the Army and bring about jointness in the forces by replacing military regions with theatre commands.

Though "world-class" is not explicitly defined, a rough survey of 'PLA Daily' suggests that world-class forces are roughly similar to major military powers, including the US, France, UK, and to a certain extent in some elements, India. This points towards the ability to deploy (including airlift) troops with agility and flexibility anywhere, including abroad, to protect Chinese interests.

These reforms align with China's expanding overseas footprint -- investments under the Belt and Road Initiative, the growing profile of the PLA Navy (PLAN) in anti-piracy operations and its first overseas military base in Djibouti, on the Horn of Africa. Besides, these reforms bring the PLA on a par with the major militaries in the world in terms of force posture and joint capabilities.

The restructuring of the PLA comes on the back of an exponential increase in China's defence budget since the late 1990s. For the past decade, its military spending has surpassed the annual GDP growth, reflecting Beijing's priority for military modernisation and its global ambitions.

In 2020, its spending was $209.16 billion (1.268 trillion yuan). According to Chinese Ministry of Finance figures, this year, the spending is expected to be close to $208 billion (1.35 trillion yuan).

It is the PLA's cyber, space, and electronic warfare service branch. Its focus on emerging technologies points to China's recognition of the global trend that "informatisation" or information-based/data-driven combat operations are at the core of contemporary military advancement.

The SSF reports directly to the CMC and not to any of the theatre commands, enabling joint operations for all the theatre commands through the CMC, acting like their "information umbrella". Its creation has improved the PLA's ability to fight information wars vis-a-vis its adversaries.

The SSF administers two deputy theatre command-level departments: the Space Systems Department, responsible for military space operations and the Network Systems Department, responsible for information operations such as cyberattacks and cyber espionage campaigns, for which China has gained notoriety in recent years.

India's first Chief of Defence Staff, late General Bipin Rawat, had remarked that China is the "biggest security threat" facing India. India will have to take a long view of China's transformed military power and expedite and adjust its defence reforms to achieve the same results.

Implementing such reforms requires greater political management of the forces and lesser interference from the civilian bureaucracy. Moreover, optimising the limited budgetary resources, India must intensify its ongoing force restructuring initiatives, including integrating the three services and adding to its power projection capabilities.

The Russian-Ukraine conflict has exposed the limitation of the United Nations to safeguard the interest of the nation when attacked by the adversary. Russia rightly or wrongly has destroyed Ukraine and the international community has remained a mute spectator. India must tighten its belt and secure maximum budgetary allocation for the modernization of its armed forces to tackle the ever-growing real-time threat of expansionist China.

Prashant Tewari Editor in Chief  

The Russia-Ukraine crisis has the world on its edge. The deadly conflict has divided the world into two factions with different takes on the situation. The United Nations Security Council has advised Vladimir Putin to withdraw its armed forces from Ukraine. However, the efforts went in vain as Russia vetoed the resolution. UNSC is having total 15 members, 11 were in favour of the decision. Countries like India, China, and the United Arab Emirates abstained from voting. In light of this, India's decision has garnered mixed reactions globally. While many support the decision, many are disappointed with the developments and condemn the Russian invasion.

'Balanced Diplomacy' is one of the primary reasons behind India standing on neutral ground to continue a good relationship with Russia. For years now, both countries have stood by each other on several occasions. The friendship between PM Narendra Modi and Vladimir Putin is known to everyone. Along with this, the country has factored in its national security in the delicate diplomatic scenario. India has been looking closely at the ongoing conflict, especially when Pakistan PM Imran Khan visited Putin in Moscow just hours into its Ukraine invasion. Seeing the country's growing relationship with Pakistan and China has unsettled the political dynamics. However, India abstaining from voting also showcases its resistance to the recent attacks. "The Chinese explanation of the vote seems to support Russia, while our explanation is objective and points out that this was in contravention of the UN Charter and International Law. We have kept space for diplomacy and dialogue,"

Furthermore, the country has asked the Russians for de-escalation as violence will never be the answer. Is Neutrality Enough? Many have welcomed India's decision to remain neutral in the deadly conflict, keeping in mind the country's interests in the future. It is a tightrope walk for the country as it tries to balance its relationship with Russia and the USA, which are on the opposite side of the spectrum. However, questions are being raised about the move. Is neutrality enough? Is being silent about Russia's uncalled intrusions into Ukraine the answer? According to The Diplomat, silence is painful as an expert claimed that India will have a challenging future ahead after this stance. Its neutral approach may hamper its ties with the Americans and other Western liberal countries. What is all the more alarming is Russia's recent response to nukes. It 'highly appreciates' India's balanced approach in the conflict. This sets a bad precedent for the country as it could 'silently' support Russia's earlier actions in Ukraine and Crimea. As a liberal democracy, India's neutral stand is not appreciated by Ukraine at all. The country's envoy in India publicly showed his discontentment as it wants a powerful developing nation like ours to stand with a country in crisis.

Ukraine president Volodymyr Zelenskyy spoke to Narendra Modi, requesting his support in the same. US President Joe Biden said to PM Modi must take a stand on the current crisis. It is noteworthy to mention the stand taken by Ukraine viz Russia in respect of Indian national interest namely Kashmir, the border dispute between India & China, bogus human rights issues, etc, India should deal with the current crisis. 

 
Prashant Tewari, Editor-in-Chief

Tablighi Jamaat is often considered extremely orthodox in its interpretations, with the ability to convert Muslims into radical believers. The Tablighi Jamaat members have declared they are not political but they tacitly supported secular political parties in India to protect their interests after the partition of the country. They say the Prophet Mohammed has commanded all Muslims to convey the message of Allah, and the Tablighis take this as their duty. They divide themselves into small Jamaats (societies) and travel frequently across the world to spread the message of Islam to Muslim houses. During this travel, they stay in local mosques. This free spread has enabled them to meet the vulnerable deprived section of the Hindu population in India and backed up by the power of petrodollars & ISI dirty money machine including the vast network of Dawood Ibrahim and other anti-national entities, they have converted a large section of the population in the last 70 years with ease and without force. 

Radicalism and Role in Acts of Terror Some TJ followers have worked as allies of Jihadi and sectarian organizations. However, once they joined the militant organizations, they cut off their links with the Tablighis. The terror groups have used the TJ congregations as a selection camp for recruitment. Tablighi Jamaat has been a sympathizer and supporter of jihadi organizations such as the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, the Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami, the Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammad, Al Qaeda and Taliban. According to the India Abroad News Service report, "As per WikiLeaks, some of the 9/11 al-Qaeda suspects detained by the US in Guantanamo Bay had stayed in the Tablighi Jamaat headquarters in Nizamuddin West, New Delhi, years ago". According to Pakistani security analysts and Indian investigators, Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM) members, involved in the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814 in 1999, were members of Tablighi Jamaat.

Recently, Tablighi Jamaat has been banned in Saudi Arabia, and Central Asian countries such as Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan, whose governments see its puritanical preaching as extremist. When conservative societies are getting modernized in a fast-paced globalized world, Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman (MBS) is being credited with ushering in a reform phase in Saudi society and politics by giving up age-old religious, and societal customs and laws. Under his stewardship, theatres have been opened up in various Saudi cities, women have been allowed to drive cars, women can visit markets or shopping malls without a male chaperone, and they have been allowed not to wear Hijab or Abaya in places or to cover their faces.

In India, policymakers need to answer a simple question, how do we want to shape the future of our country? The constitution has declared India a secular state, then can Tablighi Jamaat or Bajrang Dal exist with the secular system?

Prashant Tewari, Editor-in-Chief