Maha Kumbh 2025: A Convergence of Faith, Humanity, and Sewa

The Maha Kumbh Mela in Prayagraj is no ordinary gathering—it is the world’s largest peaceful congregation of humanity, where faith transcends borders, spirituality finds expression, and service touches millions of lives. A universally-recognized event, the Maha Kumbh is a celebration of Hindu culture and heritage, embodying the ancient wisdom of divinity and humanity in harmony.

The event’s celestial significance, linked to the planetary alignments of the Sun, Moon, and Jupiter, underscores its sanctity. While Kumbh Melas occur rotationally every three years at Haridwar, Prayagraj, Ujjain, and Nashik, the Maha Kumbh, held exclusively in Prayagraj every 144 years, is the most auspicious of them all.

The Grand Spectacle of Maha Kumbh 2025

On January 13, 2025, the sacred city of Prayagraj came alive with the commencement of the 45-day-long Maha Kumbh Mela. This extraordinary gathering is expected to attract an estimated 450 million devotees—nearly twice the population of Uttar Pradesh—to the banks of the holy rivers Ganga, Yamuna, and the mythical Saraswati. Hindu ascetics, saints, ash-smeared Naga Sadhus, and the enigmatic Aghoris will join pilgrims from across the globe in a vibrant spiritual mosaic.

As the pilgrims take the holy dip or ‘Amrit Snan’ at the confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati, they participate in a ritual that symbolizes purification and self-realization. The Maha Kumbh, derived from the Sanskrit word for “pitcher,” is rooted in the legend of the divine nectar of immortality, reflecting the eternal union of divinity and humanity. Beyond its spiritual essence, the Maha Kumbh is a celebration of India’s rich cultural tapestry. From the mesmerizing processions of ascetics to the vibrant colors of market stalls, the event showcases the enduring power of faith and the resilience of the human spirit.

A Unique Blend of Spirituality and Humanity

The Maha Kumbh is more than a religious gathering; it is an unparalleled socio-cultural phenomenon. It represents the intersection of faith, service, and humanity. The Kumbh Mela site at Prayagraj's Triveni Sangam covers approximately 4,000 hectares, divided into 25 sectors, and is home to around 50 bathing ghats along the banks of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers. Numerous non-governmental organizations have set up camps to serve the pilgrims, offering a spectrum of Sewa such as food distribution, medical care, yoga and meditation sessions, accommodation, awareness camps, and more. Among the sea of spiritual seekers and devotees, many arrive with unmet medical needs, reflecting the profound importance of initiatives like Netra Kumbh 2025.

Netra Kumbh 2025: Aiming for a World Record

Netra Kumbh 2025 is set to redefine benchmarks in eye care services, with a grand eye fair established in Sector 6 near Nagvasuki, spanning approximately 9 acres. This year, a world record is anticipated, with eye tests planned for 500,000 people and the distribution of 300,000 spectacles—an unprecedented feat for a single event. The previous Netra Kumbh earned a place in the Limca Book of Records for its remarkable achievements. In 2019, over 200,000 pilgrims were served, with 155,000 glasses distributed and 23,000 surgeries performed. Despite the challenges of the pandemic in 2021, 48,000 pilgrims received care, with 38,000 glasses distributed. The 2025 goal aims to serve 500,000 pilgrims, distribute 300,000 eyeglasses, and conduct nearly 50,000 eye surgeries. With 250 empaneled hospitals nationwide, Netra Kumbh ensures continuity of care beyond the mela grounds, empowering countless lives.

State-of-the-Art Facilities at Netra Kumbh 2025
Netra Kumbh 2025 has been meticulously designed to cater to the massive influx of pilgrims with world-class facilities and dedicated halls for various services. Screening halls like Rajju Bhaiya OPD 1 and Bhaurao Ji Devras OPD 2 ensure streamlined eye check-ups, while the Shri Radchhordas Ji Bapu Hospital Hall manages the distribution of spectacles. Pilgrims and volunteers have access to well-furnished dormitories such as Ahilyabai Holkar Niwas specifically for the female volunteers (commemorating her 300th anniversary), Ganga Niwas, Yamuna Niwas and Sarswati Niwas Niwas for other volunteers and staffs. For healthcare professionals, Bhagwan Dhanvantari Niwas provides dedicated accommodations. In addition, the Chandra Shekhar Hall is dedicated for welocoming the guests and Sants Soordas Sabhagar is the seminar hall where conferences and workshops featuring Knowledge, Spirituality and Sewa take place regularly and Annapoorna Prasadam Hall offers food, ensuring three wholesome meals daily for thousands. ISKCON, under the guidance of Guru Gaurang Das, is managing these meals, symbolizing the spirit of sewa (selfless service) that lies at the heart of the Bharatiya civilizational ethos. These facilities collectively represent the scale and dedication of Netra Kumbh, making it not just a healthcare initiative but a testament to humanity’s capacity for compassion and care.

Faith in Action: Sewa at Maha Kumbh

Netra Kumbh is made possible by the collective efforts of service-oriented organizations, including Saksham, The Hans Foundation, Swami Vivekananda Health Mission, Shri Bhaurao Deoras Trust, and many more. Together, they exemplify the spirit of sewa (selfless service), ensuring that the Maha Kumbh 2025 leaves an indelible mark not just on the spiritual lives of devotees but also on their physical well-being.

The Socio-Economic Impact of Netra Kumbh

India is home to over 35 million people with visual impairments, of whom 1.25 crore are visually disabled. Preventable blindness remains a critical issue, often exacerbated by lack of awareness, inaccessible healthcare, and economic constraints. Netra Kumbh addresses these challenges head-on, transforming the lives of individuals by restoring sight and enhancing productivity. The initiative also serves as a platform to promote awareness about corneal donation, a vital yet overlooked aspect of combating blindness in India. By providing comprehensive eye care services, Netra Kumbh not only uplifts individuals but also contributes to the socio-economic development of entire communities.

Join the Movement: Transform Lives

The Netra Kumbh 2025 is not just an event; it is a call to action. By participating in or supporting initiatives like Netra Kumbh, you can play a part in transforming lives and building a future free from preventable blindness. As the sacred waters of Prayagraj welcome millions of devotees, let us remember that the true essence of spirituality lies in service. Together, we can make Maha Kumbh 2025 a beacon of faith, humanity, and hope.

The article has been authored by Hemangi Sinha, Project Head at the World Intellectual Foundation, and Pravin Kumar Singh, Senior Project Associate at the World Intellectual Foundation.

In pic - Mr Prashant Tewari Editor-in-Chief Opinion Express with Mr Osamu Suzuki -San, Chairman & CEO of Suzuki Motor Corporation.  

Osamu Suzuki, the trailblazing former chairman and CEO of Suzuki Motor Corporation, passed away on Friday at the age of 94, the company announced. Revered for his transformative leadership and approachable demeanor, Suzuki played a pivotal role in transforming the Japanese mini-vehicle manufacturer into a global powerhouse.

Born Osamu Matsuda on January 30, 1930, he graduated from Tokyo's Chuo University School of Law and began his career in banking. His journey with Suzuki Motor began in 1958 when he joined the company after marrying the daughter of then-president Shunzo Suzuki. Following Japanese custom, Matsuda adopted his wife’s family name.

Suzuki ascended to CEO in 1978, guiding the company through an era of bold international expansion. He was instrumental in Suzuki’s landmark move to establish local production in India, a decision that cemented the brand’s popularity and dominance in the Indian market. Under his leadership, Suzuki became synonymous with affordable, reliable vehicles that captured the hearts of millions.

He was extremely close to Prashant Tewari Editor of Opinion Express and was known for his wit and humility, Suzuki often described himself as an “old guy from a small to mid-size company,” despite overseeing a global empire. His legacy endures in Suzuki’s continued success and influence in the automotive world. 

Albert Camus, while contemplating the absurdity of life, declares that the ultimate philosophical question of existence is whether life is worth enduring despite its inherent meaninglessness. Perhaps the French philosopher’s observation in The Myth of Sisyphus merits a modern reinterpretation. Trapped in the bureaucratic mazes we craft, the real philosophical question may no longer be whether to end it all, but how many stamps are required to do so. In India, stringent procedural barriers obstruct the implementation of living wills, a tool designed to uphold the right to a dignified death, underscoring the urgent need for legislative reform to simplify the process and ensure that the right is accessible, protected and respected.

The genesis of living wills can be traced back to the 2018 case of Common Cause v. Union of India. This case, while elaborating on the legality of passive euthanasia as established in the 2011 case of Aruna Shanbaug v. Union of India, upheld the validity of living wills and provided detailed guidelines for their implementation. A living will, also known as an advance directive, is a written legal document that authorizes an individual to specify their preferences for medical treatment in the event that they are unable to communicate in the future. It becomes operative, for instance, when the individual is in a vegetative state. Unlike a traditional will or testament, living wills do not deal with the distribution of property.

At present, due to the absence of a dedicated legislative framework, bureaucratic reliance is placed on the guidelines laid down in the Common Cause case for the execution and implementation of living wills in India. While these guidelines are extensively deliberated on paper, India’s socio-economic reality hampers its practical application. Being excessively stringent and cumbersome they are not suited to India’s ground reality. While most legal documents require notarization, a living will involves an exorbitant multi-layered approval process.

Firstly, the living will must be signed by two independent witnesses and countersigned by a Judicial Magistrate of First Class (JMFC). Upon an individual’s incapacitation, two medical boards must be constituted. The first board, formed by the hospital, is tasked with preparing a preliminary opinion. The second board, constituted by the jurisdictional collector, is responsible for providing the final opinion. Both boards are required to include expert doctors with at least 20 years of experience. The second board then communicates its decision to the Jurisdictional JMFC who is required to personally visit the patient and, if satisfied, authorize the living will. Such stringent procedures often prolong suffering and undermine the patient’s autonomy.

In light of this, the Hon’ble Supreme Court revisited the 2018 guidelines to streamline the process and reduce delays. Under the 2023 guidelines, attestation is now permitted by a Notary Public or Gazetted Officer instead of requiring a JMFC. Additionally, a 48-hour limitation is established for decisions of the medical board and the mandatory experience requirement for doctors on these boards has been reduced from 20 years to 5 years.

This marks significant progress, however, further revision is still required. In under-resourced areas where access to specialized medical expertise is limited, assembling two medical boards becomes impractical. Even with the 48-hour deadline, delays are inevitable in cases involving public healthcare systems or complex medical situations. The guidelines also lack clarity, particularly in situations where families disagree with the will.

Heavy reliance on in-person documentation also leaves room for corruption and malpractice. This is in stark contrast to other legal processes such as those concerning voter ID registration, Aadhaar issuance, filing a tax return, etc… that are supported by tech-driven processes. Exacerbating the problem, revocation of a living will obligates the exact same procedure as its execution. This may result in a terminally ill patient falling into a vegetative state before he can revoke his advance directive. While safeguards are important, the current framework is disproportionately complex, violating the test of proportionality.

Such barriers erode individual autonomy, and the resulting delays prolong suffering, thereby violating individual dignity. They also disproportionately affect those without legal or medical resources rendering the right inaccessible for many.

Against this backdrop, legislative intervention is pivotal. In 2023, the Apex Court pulled up the ruling government for not passing a law on passive euthanasia. Countries like Canada and the Netherlands provide models for streamlining such procedures and ensuring accessibility through clear legislation and digital systems. It is high time that India enacts a comprehensive law of its own in line with international standards and principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

Such legislation can reduce procedural complexity, establish a centralized digital registry and ensure legal aid for marginalized groups, thereby honouring the global commitment to dignified healthcare and the constitutional right to a dignified death. Perhaps, it is time to untangle the red tape that stands in the way. 

Trudeau portrays himself as a feminist, yet his sincerity is open to doubt. He portrays himself as an environmentalist, yet his actions indicate a different reality. He often acts on impulse, “I feel like a mosquito in a nudist colony; I’m uncertain about how to proceed” — This sentiment aptly captures the chaos surrounding Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, who seems more focused on cultivating his public image than addressing his duties. He is excessively hypocritical to even think about resigning.

On Monday, Housing Minister Sean Fraser's resignation announcement was still unfolding when channels were filled with ‘breaking news’ that Chrystia Freeland, Finance Minister, has stepped down from her position, citing differences with PM Trudeau regarding the approach to incoming US President Donald Trump's tariff threats. Freeland, a former journalist who won her first election to Parliament in 2013, became a member of Trudeau's cabinet two years later when the Liberals achieved a sweeping victory, taking on significant roles such as trade and foreign ministry and spearheading free trade negotiations with the EU and the United States.

The latest resignations signal that the Canadian Ministry, which consists of Crown Ministers who are also Members of Parliament, is losing faith in Trudeau's leadership. Freeland’s letter to Trudeau stands out as the most commendable action she has taken. Both women, like Solicitor General Jody Wilson-Raybould, disregarded common sense and their legal obligations to Canadians.

Canadians are weary of Trudeau's "shoddy leadership.". He portrays himself as a feminist, yet his sincerity is open to doubt. He portrays himself as an environmentalist, yet his actions indicate a different reality. He often acts on impulse. He tends to elevate his voice towards others when situations do not unfold as he desires. Women in parliament have raised accusations concerning his purported outbursts aimed at them.

Chrystia Freeland’s letter highlights the severity of his “abusive behaviour.” It would be much more appropriate for the letter to originate from Trudeau to the Governor General, resigning from his inadequate position as Prime Minister. Conversely, Fraser's resignation highlights a notable connection between Trudeau's migration policies and the negative effects on the Canadian housing market. The arrival of new migrants has created a demand for housing that is presently lacking. Long-standing Canadians are facing the repercussions as their lenders are requiring increased monthly payments and lengthening amortisation periods — and there is a threshold to how much this can rise.

The present condition of new housing highlights a notable deficiency in affordability, especially in major metropolitan areas like the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) and Vancouver, as well as the Lower Mainland of British Columbia. People are comparing Trudeau to Adolf Hitler in the latter stages of World War II. Everything is falling apart around him, yet he clings to denial about the reality, or maybe he hasn't completely exhausted Canada's resources yet.

He does not demonstrate intelligence. When confronted with questions for which he has no prepared response, he finds himself grappling with his words and is unable to articulate clear answers. He claims that lower-middle-class Canadians do not have to pay taxes. He employs his rehearsed replies even when they are not coherent. His experience seems limited to teaching drama, where he excels at memorising lines but struggles to express ideas beyond them. He may not possess a deep understanding of economics, but he is capable of memorising lines about the topic that resonates with 39 percent of Canadian voters. Trudeau seems to either misunderstand economics or be willing to distort its causes for the sake of electoral advantage. He struggles to manage the budget effectively. The current deficit spending stands at $61.9 billion.

Absolutely! Now, Jagmeet Singh has made a more emphatic declaration that Trudeau must resign. Ultimately, the issue lies with Trudeau himself. He seems to inhabit a different reality where he can deceive, manipulate and mislead Canadians without facing any repercussions. He really ought to have resigned following the last election when he secured his second minority. Even after St-Paul’s, a constituency they have securely maintained for more than 30 years, fell to Conservative Don Stewart.

Following last night's Liberal Christmas party and Trudeau's speech, it seems unlikely that he will ever step down. Nonetheless, I believe his ego will prevent him from stepping down. It seems that his party may ultimately be the one to force him out.
 
Surjit Singh Flora is a veteran journalist and freelance writer based in Brampton, Canada

New Delhi, December 14, 2024: The World Intellectual Foundation (WIF), a prominent Delhi-based think tank, launched its much-anticipated report, “Delhi: A City in Crisis”, at the iconic PMML, Teen Murti Bhawan.

Prepared under the guidance of Justice (Retd.) Arun Kumar Mishra, Former Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission, the report examines critical governance gaps in the capital, including pollution, infrastructure shortcomings, public health and education deficiencies, and urban development challenges. It also proposes policy recommendations emphasizing collaborative governance, technology-driven solutions, and a citizen-centric approach to address these pressing issues.

The report reflects WIF’s mission to produce actionable research and foster multi-stakeholder dialogue aimed at strengthening governance in India. Speaking on the report’s significance, WIF representatives underscored the need for coordinated efforts to resolve Delhi’s deepening crises and ensure sustainable urban development.

The event saw an esteemed gathering of policymakers and thought leaders, including Prof. Jagdish Mukhi, Former Governor of Assam and Nagaland; Dr. Rajiv Kumar, Former Vice-Chairman of NITI Aayog; Ms. Meenakshi Lekhi, Former Union Minister of State; Shri Sanjiv N. Sahai, Director of PMML; Shri Pankaj Pushkar, Former MLA; and Shri Sudhanshu Mittal, alongside legislators and representatives from civil society.

In his remarks, Justice Mishra emphasized the report’s focus on actionable solutions, while other dignitaries lauded WIF’s commitment to addressing Delhi’s governance challenges through evidence-based policy frameworks.

The comprehensive report is available on WIF’s website at www.wifdelhi.org, offering insights and pathways for stakeholders to work towards a more resilient and sustainable Delhi.

Tabla maestro Ustad Zakir Hussain, a global ambassador of Indian classical music, passed away at 73 in San Francisco on Sunday due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Known for his brilliance, Hussain elevated the modest tabla to a global symbol of India’s rich heritage over his five-decade career.

Hussain, born into a musical lineage, was trained rigorously by his father and legendary tabla exponent Ustad Alla Rakha. His talent was evident early on, debuting at seven and touring globally by his teens. Moving to the U.S. at 20, he taught at the Ali Akbar College of Music and co-founded Shakti with guitarist John McLaughlin, pioneering the genre of world music. His collaborations with luminaries like George Harrison, Mickey Hart, and Pandit Ravi Shankar expanded the tabla’s horizons, blending tradition with innovation.

Renowned for his dazzling rhythms and expressive artistry, Hussain’s performances, whether in intimate gatherings or global stages, were spiritual experiences. From “Mile Sur Mera Tumhara” to Shakti’s trailblazing work, he seamlessly bridged cultures, earning multiple Grammys and India’s Padma Vibhushan.

Hussain’s humility matched his genius. He called music an act of worship, famously recalling his father whispering tabla bols as prayers in his ears as a child. Despite his fame, he remained deeply connected to his roots, evidenced by his poignant role as pallbearer for santoor legend Pt Shiv Kumar Sharma.

A visiting professor at Stanford and Princeton, Hussain mentored countless students, leaving an indelible legacy. His family, including wife Antonia Minnecola and daughters Isabella and Anisa, paid tribute, highlighting his commitment to inspiring future generations.

Zakir Hussain’s journey redefined the tabla’s place in music and culture, making it a beacon of unity and innovation. His unparalleled contributions resonate as a timeless rhythm, inspiring and uniting the world through music.

Every year, India commemorates Constitution Day on November 26 to honor the adoption of its Constitution in 1949. This day celebrates not just a document but the vision of a nation that upholds democracy, justice, equality, and liberty. Among the many who have upheld the spirit of the Constitution over the decades, Dr. Hansraj Bhardwaj, former Law Minister of India, stands out as a guardian of its essence. His unwavering commitment to constitutional values and his role in shaping legal frameworks have left a profound impact on India's democratic fabric. As the Indian parliament debates on the constitution, we must remember the legends who stood strong to safeguard the spirit of constitution. 

The Significance of Constitution Day

The Indian Constitution, drafted under the visionary leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, is the bedrock of the nation's democracy. It outlines citizens' fundamental rights and duties and provides the framework for governance. Constitution Day serves as a reminder of these principles, urging every citizen to uphold the values of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. This day also celebrates the role of individuals who have defended and strengthened the Constitution, ensuring its relevance in an evolving socio-political landscape. Dr. Hansraj Bhardwaj is one such individual whose contributions have fortified India's legal and constitutional ethos.

Dr. Hansraj Bhardwaj: A Lifelong Custodian of Constitutional Ideals

Born in 1937 in Rohtak, Haryana, Dr. Hansraj Bhardwaj embarked on a journey of public service that spanned over four decades. A legal luminary and a seasoned parliamentarian, he served as India’s Law Minister for a record five terms (1984-1989, 1991-1996, and 2004-2009), making him the longest-serving Law Minister in independent India. Dr. Bhardwaj was renowned for his profound understanding of constitutional law and his ability to navigate complex legal issues while adhering to democratic principles. Significant contributions to legal reforms marked his tenure, the protection of fundamental rights, and the safeguarding of judicial independence.

Defending the Spirit of the Constitution

As Law Minister, Dr. Bhardwaj played a pivotal role in ensuring that the Constitution remained a living document, responsive to the needs of the people. He was instrumental in: Dr. Bhardwaj was a staunch advocate for judicial independence. Recognizing the judiciary as the cornerstone of democracy, he championed reforms to enhance its efficiency and accessibility. Under his leadership, significant efforts were made to modernize court infrastructure and reduce case backlogs. Dr. Bhardwaj oversaw the introduction and passage of several landmark legislations, including those aimed at social justice, women's empowerment, and minority rights. His tenure reflected a commitment to bridging the gap between constitutional ideals and societal realities. A believer in inclusive governance, Dr. Bhardwaj actively worked to uphold the constitutional mandate of social justice. He supported policies that addressed systemic inequalities and ensured the protection of marginalized communities. During politically turbulent times, Dr. Bhardwaj stood as a defender of constitutional integrity. Whether addressing issues of federalism, the misuse of constitutional provisions, or executive overreach, he consistently prioritized the rule of law.

Legacy as a Constitutional Statesman

Dr. Bhardwaj's contributions extended beyond his tenure as Law Minister. As the Governor of Karnataka (2009-2014), he continued to uphold constitutional principles, even when faced with political challenges. His tenure was marked by a steadfast commitment to neutrality and adherence to constitutional propriety, exemplifying the role of a governor as envisioned by the framers of the Constitution.

As India observes Constitution Day, the legacy of leaders like Dr. Hansraj Bhardwaj serves as an enduring reminder of the need to safeguard constitutional values. In an era where democratic institutions face increasing challenges, his life’s work underscores the importance of integrity, legal acumen, and a commitment to justice. Dr. Bhardwaj's unwavering belief in the Constitution as a transformative instrument resonates with the ideals enshrined in the Preamble. His efforts to balance individual rights with collective welfare, to protect minorities, and to uphold the independence of the judiciary remain benchmarks for policymakers and legal practitioners.

Conclusion

Constitution Day is not merely a day of reflection; it is a call to action. It urges every citizen to uphold the principles that define India as a democracy. Leaders like Dr. Hansraj Bhardwaj exemplify the courage and wisdom needed to navigate the complexities of governance while staying true to the constitutional vision. As we pay tribute to the framers of the Constitution, let us also honor the guardians who ensure its continued relevance. Dr. Bhardwaj's legacy as a custodian of constitutional essence is a beacon of inspiration, reminding us of our collective responsibility to build a just, equitable, and inclusive society.

“What I would like to do is to leave behind a sustainable entity of a set of companies that operate in an exemplary manner in terms of ethics, values and continue what our ancestors left behind.” Ratan Naval Tata

On 9th October 2024, at exactly 11.30 pm IST,  the towering 5 feet 10 inches tall Surat born Parsee industrialist-philanthropist Padma Vibhushan Ratan (meaning “precious jewel”) Naval Tata, the Chairman Emeritus and the patriarch of the House of Tata, the largest business conglomerate in India (having a staggering annual revenue of over 165 billion US Dollars and encompassing a grand well knit family of over 1 million happy, well cared for and dedicated members worldwide!), breathed his last at the iconic Beach Candy Hospital nestled atop the Arabian Sea facing Cumballa Hill (popularly called “Diplomat’s Hill” or “Ambassador’s Row” and home to the most prominent billionaires in Mumbai, including my old friend Mukesh Ambani) at the age of 86.  He was hospitalised on 7th October, 2024 owing to a critical combination of senescence and hypotension. It was in the very same hospital that my very dear titanic friend and sincere well-wisher Dhirajlal “Dhirubhai” Hirachand Ambani passed away way back on 7th July 2002. At the time of his death, Ratan held a 0.83 percent stake in Tata Sons and had a net worth of Rs 7,900 crores. A large part of his wealth—nearly 75 percent—was tied to his shares in Tata Sons. For Ratan, accolades poured in from across the country and from all corners of the world in a torrential stream. In an impassioned eulogy that reflected the melancholy mood of a shattered nation, our Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted - “Shri Ratan Tata was a visionary business leader, a compassionate soul, and an extraordinary human being. He provided stable leadership to one of India’s oldest and most prestigious business houses. At the same time, his contribution went beyond the boardroom. He endeared himself to several people thanks to his humility, kindness and an unwavering commitment to making our society better.”

On 10th October 2024, Eric Garcetti, the US Ambassador to India, lamented the death of the former architecture and structural engineering graduate from the Cornell University College of Architecture, University of California (in 2008, Ratan gifted Cornell University $50 million, becoming the largest international donor in the university’s history!) and the graduate in architecture from the University of California, Berkeley (named after George Berkeley, the distinguished Anglo-Irish philosopher, known as “Bishop Berkeley”, and in collaboration with which Ratan set up the UC-RNT Fund primarily to back Indian startups) who had completed the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School, “He was one of those people whose vision was as limitless as the horizon, who helped show what was possible in India and what was possible in the world.” On 13th October 2024, the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin “Bibi” Netanyahu condoled Ratan’s death and highlighted his immense contributions to foster Israel-India ties, “I and many in Israel mourn the loss of Ratan Tata, a proud son of India and a champion of the friendship between our two countries.” On 14th October 2024, Padma Bhushan Natarajan Chandrasekaran, (popularly known as “Chandra”), the most worthy successor of Ratan (he effortlessly stepped into Ratan’s distinguished shoes and proudly donned his enviable mantle on 12th January 2017!) and my personal friend for over 15 years since my heady days as a long term Advisor to Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. (“TCS”), the flagship of the prodigious Tata fleet, paid an effusive heartfelt homage to his former boss and mentor, “Anybody who met Mr. Tata came away with a story about his humanity, warmth, and dreams for India. There was no one like him.” 

Joseph Bitner Wirthlin, the renowned American businessman and religious leader rightly observed, “Some memories are unforgettable, remaining ever vivid and heartwarming!” In a moment of helpless nostalgia, my mind goes back irresistibly to the rather sultry summer day in the year 1986 when I fortuitously met Ratan (he was then the Chairman of Tata Industries and had in that capacity drafted the Tata Strategic Plan) for the very first time within the majestic confines of the Taj Palace Hotel, the only “palace” hotel in the national capital since 1983. I briefly introduced myself to Ratan telling him four distinct facets about myself : (a) I was a limb of the law and my senior and guru was Asoke Kumar Sen (“Asoke Mamu”), the then Union Law Minister in the Cabinet of my charismatic friend Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi (“Rajiv Bhai”), and the undisputed leader of the Indian Bar; (b) the two topmost Parsee lawyers of the country viz. Nanabhoy “Nani” Ardeshir Palkhivala, one of the inextricable doyens of the House of Tata, and Uncle Fali, were not only close to me and Asoke Mamu but were my professional heroes and role-models; (c) I was a close friend and fervent associate of  “PV” Narasimha Rao, the then Union Minister of Home Affairs, who was my steadfast mentor and father figure (“Uncle PV”); and (d) I had a close association with Tata Steel and in particular with Russi Mody, its effervescent foodaholic Chairman & Managing Director, whom I had introduced to Uncle PV and who had scrupulously mulled the idea of using my voice for a documentary film entitled “Tata Steel - Challenge of the 80s” as the narrator because he felt (in all seriousness!) that I possessed a “Voice of Steel”. Ratan looked visibly impressed and disclosed to me that he had indeed seen the film on Tata Steel on one of his numerous visits to Jamshedpur.

Ratan often stayed at a modest guest house in the Tata Apartments at 23, Prithviraj Road, New Delhi. During those vibrant days, Uncle PV, residing at 9, Motilal Nehru Marg, frequently visited the iconic coffee shop Machan in Taj Mansingh Hotel. There, he would catch up with friends like me over endless cups of freshly brewed, sugar-free filter coffee, accompanied by steamed idlis and vadas soaked in mild sambar. If Ratan happened to be at the hotel during these visits, he never missed the opportunity to greet Uncle PV, whom he deeply admired. After Uncle PV assumed the role of Prime Minister on 21 June, 1991, following the tragic assassination of Rajiv Bhai on 21 May 1991, but before moving into the official residence at 7, Race Course Road (now Lok Kalyan Marg), a special suite was arranged for his family and close associates at the Taj Mansingh Hotel. This arrangement, facilitated through Ratan's efforts, ensured the comfort and security of Uncle PV's family. The suite was guarded round the clock by the Special Protection Group (SPG), and Ratan personally oversaw their well-being during their stay. I had the extraordinary privilege of staying with Uncle PV at his residence even before he became the Prime Minister, a position that would later redefine the country's destiny. As a frequent visitor to the Taj Mansingh suite, I often interacted with Uncle PV’s sons, Rajeshwar and Prabhakar, under the vigilant watch of SPG personnel. It was there that I first met one of my close friend Prashant Tewari, who worked closely with Uncle PV and Hansraj Bhardwaj, co-ordinating key developments during that pivotal period. Ratan, as always, proved to be a gracious and hospitable host throughout these memorable interactions.

On 26th November, 2008, “a date which will live in infamy”, Mumbai, the financial capital of India, witnessed a brutal, dastardly terrorist attack orchestrated by the Pakistani sponsored group Lashkar-e-Taiba, when the Indian Home Secretary Madukar Gupta, by an ominous coincidence, was enjoying Pakistan’s hospitality in Murree, a mountain resort city close to Islamabad. Ten highly trained and heavily armed terrorists infiltrated the city, having stealthily landed in inflatable speed boats at Macchimar Nagar, in Mumbai's Cuffe Parade neighbourhood, and heinously targeted several meticulously planned locations, including the Taj Mahal Palace.  The Indian Government’s response to the attack was “pusillanimous”, as aptly observed by the Hindustan Times on 26th November, 2023! Lamentably, the UPA Government was being led by a weak, diffident, rudderless and indecisive Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (who had blamed his mentor Uncle PV for the massacre of Sikhs in 1984 without a shred of evidence and had done precious little to bring the perpetrators of the genocide to book or alleviate the suffering of the victims, particularly widows!), reminiscent of Sir Arthur  Neville Chamberlain at the outbreak of the Second World War. The attack claimed 166 lives, including 33 at the Taj Mahal Palace, and did not spare even the General Manager of the hotel Karambir Singh Kang’s wife Niti and his two young teenage sons Uday and Samar. Gautam Shantilal Adani, the Indian billionaire businessman (who has recently been in the eye of a storm!), by a superb stroke of luck, managed to save himself by hiding in the kitchen of the hotel! Defying all odds, it was Ratan who in a truly Churchillian manner valiantly rose to the occasion and provided the much-needed leadership to an embattled nation facing an “ordeal of the most grievous kind”! In the face of the attack watched by a shell-shocked nation, Ratan, who was then 70, displayed superhuman courage, resolve and determination. He strode like a colossus and stood like the Rock of Gibraltar at the Colaba end of the Taj Mahal Palace for 3 days, as security forces fiercely battled the terrorists in the Taj Mahal Palace. Everyone became just those inches taller, every back just that much broader, as Ratan’s own was. This was undoubtedly Ratan’s finest hour when he embodied the will, spirit and grit of our people..indomitable, undaunted, relentless!

I have a myriad of friends who knew Ratan intimately and worked with him closely. All of them are unquestionably ad idem about Ratan: “He was a genuinely good, dedicated and large-hearted soul filled with the milk of human kindness and  our age is hardly fit to understand him.” At the same time, I can assert, without mincing words, that there are many unscrupulous men and women, including foreign nationals, who conveniently basked in the warmth of Ratan’s sunshine, recklessly flaunted, dropped or exploited his name for personal gain and private considerations in India and even beyond its frontiers and promoted, projected and publicised themselves by misusing his name thereby bringing unspeakable disgrace, dishonour and discredit to Ratan and the House of Tata. It is heartening to note that Chandra has managed to astutely keep at bay all such persons in the best interests of the House of Tata!

Be that as it may, we should remember the stellar quality of Ratan’s character as well as the remarkable range of his achievements. In his love of adventure and his imaginative powers, he was far removed from the modern industrialist-philanthropist. Yet everyone who came in contact with him paid tribute to the unimaginable power of his mind. He had an aptitude for business which raised him far above the ordinary levels of our generation. He had a firmness of spirit that was not often elated by success, seldom downcast by failure and never swayed by panic.  He loved life and was perfectly at peace with himself and the world around him. He could be helplessly uproarious. He wanted everyone to be happy. He wanted to taste and try everything that life could offer. Power never corrupted him, nor did success make him conceited, arrogant, or pompous. Beyond his reputation as a business magnate and animal lover, Ratan’s tenure as Chairman of the Tata Trusts has left an inerasable mark on India’s cultural kaleidoscope. The trusts have spearheaded numerous initiatives across healthcare, education, environment and disaster relief and their manifold contributions to art and culture stand out as particularly noteworthy. With no thought of the length of time he might be permitted on Planet Earth, Ratan was concerned solely with the quality of the service he could render to his nation and humanity.

I cannot do better than conclude with Modi’s emotional tribute in the press and media on 9th November 2024:

“As we remember him today, we are reminded of the society he envisioned—where business can serve as a force for good, where every individual’s potential is valued and where progress is measured in the well-being and happiness of all. He remains alive in the lives he touched and the dreams he nurtured. Generations will be grateful to him for making India a better, kinder and more hopeful place.”

The author is an internationally reputed senior lawyer practicing in the Supreme Court of India and various High Courts and Tribunals in India.

The cooperative model, rooted in mutual collaboration and community-centric development, has played a pivotal role in shaping the socio-economic landscape of India. As the country navigates challenges of economic inequality, rural underdevelopment, and employment creation, cooperatives offer a sustainable framework to empower communities and promote inclusive growth. This article explores the evolution of the cooperative model, its future opportunities, policy advancements, technological integration, and how it is poised to transform India’s rural economy.

The cooperative movement in India began during the colonial era, primarily to address agrarian distress. The Cooperative Societies Act of 1904 marked the formal establishment of this framework, enabling credit cooperatives to tackle usurious lending practices. Post-independence, cooperatives became integral to India’s Five-Year Plans, especially in sectors like agriculture, dairy, and small-scale industries.

The success of initiatives like the White Revolution, driven by dairy cooperatives under the leadership of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and institutions like Amul, showcased the transformative potential of the cooperative model. Over the decades, the scope of cooperatives expanded to include housing, labor, fisheries, handlooms, and banking. Today, India boasts over 8 lakh cooperative societies, contributing significantly to rural employment, agricultural output, and financial inclusion. However, challenges like lack of professionalism, limited technological adoption, and bureaucratic inefficiencies continue to impede their full potential.

Future Opportunities in the Cooperative Sector
The cooperative model holds immense promise in fostering economic equality and social welfare. Some of the key opportunities include:

1. Agri-Tech and Value-Added Farming
Cooperatives can serve as conduits for farmers to adopt agri-tech solutions like precision farming, soil health monitoring, and smart irrigation. By pooling resources, small and marginal farmers can invest in technology and access high-value markets, boosting productivity and profitability.

2. Strengthening Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs)
With government support, cooperatives can evolve into robust Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), helping farmers collectively procure inputs, access credit, and sell produce at competitive prices. This will reduce exploitation by intermediaries and increase farmer incomes.

3. Renewable Energy Cooperatives
The renewable energy sector, particularly solar and biomass energy, offers lucrative opportunities for cooperatives. By setting up community-owned energy projects, rural areas can achieve energy self-sufficiency while creating local employment.

4. Women-Led Cooperatives
Women’s participation in cooperatives can be a game-changer, especially in sectors like self-help groups (SHGs), crafts, and dairy. Empowering women through cooperatives will not only enhance household incomes but also contribute to broader social equity.

5. Export-Oriented Initiatives
With adequate policy support, cooperatives can tap into international markets, especially for organic produce, handicrafts, and textiles. Branding and marketing initiatives can help rural producers gain global recognition.

Policy and Collaborative Ecosystem
A supportive policy environment is critical for the cooperative sector's growth. Key areas of focus include:

1. Legal and Institutional Reforms
Modernizing the legal framework governing cooperatives is essential to ensure transparency, accountability, and efficiency. The recently established Ministry of Cooperation aims to streamline policy interventions and bolster the sector's capabilities.

2. Credit and Financial Inclusion
Access to affordable credit remains a challenge for many cooperatives. Policies must prioritize cooperative banks and microfinance institutions to ensure liquidity and financial support for rural enterprises.

3. Collaborative Public-Private Models
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) can bring much-needed expertise, innovation, and capital to cooperatives. Corporates can collaborate with cooperatives under their CSR initiatives to develop skills, technology, and market linkages.

4. Capacity Building and Training
Skill development and leadership training for cooperative members and leaders can foster professionalism. Collaborations with educational institutions and NGOs can help in building a strong knowledge base.

5. Digital Integration
The government’s push for a Digital India can be leveraged to digitize cooperative operations, ensuring transparency, real-time monitoring, and access to e-markets.

Technological Integration: The Game-Changer
The integration of technology in cooperatives is pivotal for their modernization and efficiency. Some promising technological avenues include:

1. Digital Platforms for Market Linkages
E-commerce platforms can connect rural producers directly with consumers, eliminating middlemen and ensuring fair prices. Platforms like eNAM (National Agriculture Market) can be further strengthened for cooperative participation.

2. Blockchain for Transparency
Blockchain technology can be used to maintain transparent records of transactions, inventory, and member contributions, ensuring trust and accountability within cooperatives.

3. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Agriculture
AI-powered tools for weather prediction, pest control, and crop management can help cooperatives optimize agricultural output.

4. Mobile Banking and Digital Payments
Mobile-based financial services can enhance the operational efficiency of cooperative banks, making financial transactions seamless for rural members.

5. Data Analytics for Decision-Making
Data-driven insights can guide cooperatives in resource allocation, market trends, and demand forecasting, improving their competitiveness.

Transforming the Indian Rural Economy
The cooperative model is uniquely positioned to address the multifaceted challenges of India’s rural economy. Its potential impacts include:

1. Employment Generation
By organizing local resources and creating value chains, cooperatives can generate sustainable employment opportunities in rural areas, reducing migration to urban centers.

2. Enhancing Agricultural Productivity
Through collective farming, access to modern technology, and better supply chain management, cooperatives can significantly boost agricultural productivity and rural incomes.

3. Financial Inclusion
Cooperative banks and credit societies play a crucial role in providing affordable credit to underserved rural populations, fostering entrepreneurial activities.

4. Empowerment of Marginalized Groups
Cooperatives create a platform for marginalized communities, including women and tribal populations, to participate in economic activities, enhancing their social and economic status.

5. Promoting Sustainable Development
From renewable energy projects to organic farming, cooperatives can champion sustainable practices, contributing to environmental conservation and climate resilience.

Roadmap Ahead
The roadmap for strengthening India’s cooperative sector involves a multi-pronged approach:

Policy Push: Implementing targeted policies to modernize the legal and financial frameworks of cooperatives.
Capacity Building: Fostering leadership and management skills within cooperatives to drive innovation and growth.
Tech-Driven Solutions: Leveraging digital tools to enhance operational efficiency, transparency, and market access.
Collaborative Models: Encouraging partnerships with corporates, NGOs, and international agencies for knowledge-sharing and investment.
Monitoring and Accountability: Establishing mechanisms to ensure accountability, minimize corruption, and promote good governance in cooperative societies.

Conclusion
The rise of the cooperative economic framework represents a paradigm shift in how India approaches inclusive development. By empowering communities, promoting equitable resource distribution, and leveraging technology, cooperatives can bridge the rural-urban divide and drive sustainable growth. As India aspires to become a $5 trillion economy, strengthening the cooperative model will not only uplift millions of rural livelihoods but also reinforce the nation’s commitment to self-reliance and shared prosperity. The future of India’s rural economy lies in the power of collective effort—where every hand contributes, and every hand benefits.