The WMO's State of the Climate report issued a "red alert" to the world, emphasizing that climate change goes beyond rising temperatures. Record-breaking events such as unprecedented ocean warmth, glacier retreat, and Antarctic sea ice loss are causes for significant concern. Marine heatwaves affected nearly a third of the global ocean daily, with over 90 percent experiencing heatwave conditions at some point in the year, posing threats to marine ecosystems and coral reefs.
The report highlighted alarming trends like the largest glacier ice loss since 1950, especially in western North America and Europe. Alpine glaciers in Switzerland lost 10 percent of their remaining volume in just two years. Antarctic sea ice extent hit a record low, and sea levels rose to their highest since satellite records began in 1993, with a sea level rise rate doubling over the past decade.
These climate shifts are exacerbating extreme weather events, flooding, droughts, and food insecurity, impacting millions globally. The number of acutely food-insecure people doubled from 149 million before the pandemic to 333 million by the end of 2023. However, there is a glimmer of hope in the surge of renewable energy generation, which increased by nearly 50 percent in 2023.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres emphasized that despite the dire situation, humanity still has a chance to limit long-term temperature rise below 1.5 degrees Celsius and mitigate the worst effects of climate change. The report serves as a stark reminder of the urgent need for global action to address the climate crisis and protect the planet's future.
The People's Republic of China (PRC) has emerged as a dominant force in global technology development and acquisition, utilizing a variety of methods, both legal and illegal, to bolster its technological prowess and military strength. The PRC's aggressive pursuit of advanced technologies through international collaborations and investments raises concerns about the dual-use nature of these technologies and their impact on diplomatic relations.
To counter unauthorized technology transfer, nations have implemented regulatory frameworks like the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). However, the PRC's sophisticated evasion tactics, such as establishing front companies and exploiting regulatory ambiguities, undermine these controls. The LinkOcean Technologies case exemplifies how such tactics are used to circumvent export controls, highlighting vulnerabilities in regulatory frameworks.
The PRC's talent acquisition strategies, like the Thousand Talents Plan (TTP), attract overseas scholars to bolster domestic science and technology capabilities. However, controversies arise, particularly concerning military advancements and sensitive technologies. Talent recruitment intersects with emerging technology fields like artificial intelligence, posing legal risks and ethical questions.
Strengthening oversight and transparency in international research collaborations, along with enforcing export controls and disclosure requirements, is crucial. The international academic and research community must be vigilant in fostering innovation while preventing exploitation.
Intellectual Property (IP) Theft poses a significant threat to economic stability and innovation. Despite efforts to enforce IP laws, China's inadequate protection measures contribute to substantial economic losses globally. Addressing IP theft requires international cooperation to safeguard creative and innovative outputs essential for economic advancement.
In the realm of digital espionage, the PRC's cyber activities pose a direct threat to national security and international norms. Despite the economic toll estimated at billions of dollars annually, the full extent of military technology theft remains elusive. Future research must focus on the granular categorization of IP theft to tailor countermeasures and safeguard national security.
The rise in illicit technology acquisition by the PRC undermines international collaboration, economic stability, and security. Collaboration among countries like the US and India is crucial to combatting this threat and maintaining the integrity of the digital system.
Improving cyber defense techniques, promoting openness and cooperation in technical development, and investing in research and development are essential counter-strategies. Establishing global legal standards and enforcement systems, improving information sharing, and fostering innovation through international consortia can mitigate susceptibility to technology theft.
India's engagement with global powers to combat PRC's technology acquisition plans signifies a commitment to safeguarding the authenticity of the worldwide innovation environment. This joint effort protects economic interests and national security while fostering understanding and collaboration in a digital era characterized by equality and mutual respect.
Dr. Vishal Singh Bhadauriya and Dr. Kunwar Alkendra Pratap Singh are from the Plasma Astrophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
'Education is the cornerstone of progress and prosperity, the teachers deserve to be accorded the respect and remuneration commensurate with their important role'.
In the contemporary world education is the most important tool that can be used for achieving the full human potential and progress of a nation. The era of globalization has come up with new issues and challenges, especially for the developing nations. To educate the people for harmonious development, the private sector seems to be gaining more ground in the modern welfare state. To cope with the modern educational challenges and to address the growing demand for quality education, the state and governments in different parts of the world have accorded a lot of scope to the privatization of the education sector. In our scenario at the national or UT level, private education has seen a lot of growth during the last three decades.
With growing unemployment thousands of educated young boys and girls have become part of this private educational setup in the capacity of teachers and various non-teaching assignments. Ideally, it looks good with a growing literacy rate and people getting absorbed in the private sector but the reality is far from the perception.
Over the years with no policy in place, private school teachers face a dire plight as they struggle to make ends meet on meager wages due to the prevailing unemployment crisis. The confluence of unemployment and violations of their rights, including the flouting of minimum wage laws, has left these educators in a vulnerable position. They are forced to accept lower wages due to a lack of alternative employment options. This exploitation perpetuates a cycle of financial insecurity for these educators, impeding their ability to provide for themselves and their families adequately.
Furthermore, On many occasions private school owners in the region are in violation of the Minimum Wages Act, exacerbating the challenges faced by teachers. The failure to adhere to mandated minimum wage standards represents a fundamental breach of the rights of these educators. This flagrant disregard for labor laws has created an environment where the contributions of private school teachers are undervalued and their basic economic rights are systematically undermined.
The government of Jammu and Kashmir must address this pressing issue and take concrete steps to rectify the situation. A comprehensive policy framework specifically designed to protect the rights of private school teachers is urgently needed. This policy should encompass provisions to ensure that these educators receive fair and just compensation in line with the Minimum Wages Act. Additionally, measures should be put in place to hold private school owners accountable for adhering to these standards, with appropriate penalties for non-compliance.
In formulating this policy, the government must also consider the holistic well-being of private school teachers, acknowledging the profound impact of financial stability on their overall quality of life. Access to healthcare, housing, and other essential amenities should be included in the policy framework to ensure that these educators are not only compensated fairly but also supported in leading dignified and secure lives. Efforts should be made to create avenues for professional development and career advancement for private school teachers. By investing in their continued education and training, the government can empower these educators and provide them with opportunities for growth within the education sector. This not only benefits the teachers themselves but also enhances the quality of education imparted to students in private schools.
In addition to these proactive measures, the government should also establish channels for private school teachers to voice their grievances and seek recourse for any violations of their rights. This could take the form of an independent body or ombudsman tasked with addressing labor-related issues and ensuring that the concerns of private school teachers are heard and acted upon.
The government must engage in dialogue with private school owners to foster a mutual understanding of the challenges faced by teachers and the necessity of upholding their rights. Collaboration and cooperation between all stakeholders are vital to bring about meaningful and lasting change in the treatment of private school teachers in Jammu and Kashmir.
Beyond the immediate policy considerations, the broader societal attitude towards the value of education and the role of teachers must be transformed. Recognizing the indispensable contribution of educators to the fabric of society is essential in effecting long-term change. Education is the cornerstone of progress and prosperity, and the teachers who dedicate themselves to this noble cause deserve to be accorded the respect and remuneration commensurate with their important role.
The plight of private school teachers in Jammu and Kashmir demands urgent attention and the government has a responsibility to enact policies that safeguard their rights and well-being. By addressing the issue of unemployment, ensuring adherence to the Minimum Wages Act, and implementing a comprehensive policy framework, the government can signal its commitment to upholding the dignity and rights of private school teachers. It is imperative to recognize the invaluable contribution of these educators and take decisive action to improve their working conditions and quality of life. The time is ripe for the government of Jammu and Kashmir to stand in solidarity with private school teachers and demonstrate its unwavering commitment to justice, equality, and the empowerment of all its citizens. Only through proactive and deliberate measures can we ensure a brighter and more equitable future for private school teachers in the region.
(The author is a writer, columnist, and Academician, and can be reached at Rayeesrocks20@gmail.com)
Analysis of household consumption surveys is integral for discerning the underpinnings of an economy—its trajectory, its resilience, and its demand potential. As consumption drives a substantial part of economic growth, these surveys unravel the narrative of an economy's strength and the well-being of its citizens. The latest household consumption survey 2022-23 by MOSPI, NSSO presents a striking development: a near doubling of consumption expenditure from 2011-12. This leap underscores inflationary trends and possibly reflects improved living standards and consumption capabilities of Indian households. Such consumption growth is a testament to an economy’s expanding potency, often heralding sustained developmental progress.
However, the widening rural-urban gap in consumption reveals underlying structural disparities. Rural India, with more frugal means, contrasts sharply with urban folks with louder consumption habits. This split is a salient reminder of the differing priorities and access to resources, which policy must aim to bridge. Inequalities in consumption weave through the societal fabric, with survey data illustrating disparities amongst social groups and regions. Steeper ascendancy in consumption in more affluent states stands juxtaposed to modest increments in lesser-developed regions, painting a tableau of uneven economic vibrancy across India's diverse landscape. Medical expenses (hospitalization) have swelled, arguably accelerated by the pandemic, increased pollution, and a general rise in healthcare awareness. Further, it is alarming to observe that the share of medical expenses in rural household consumption has surpassed urban expenditure on the same over the previous decade. This trend signifies that healthcare needs, which are essential for the well-being and productivity of a population, are becoming increasingly burdensome. In rural areas, where incomes are typically lower and access to healthcare is more challenging, higher health expenses can lead to financial distress and divert resources from other critical areas such as education and nutrition. Further, this pattern of rising medical expenditures suggests systemic issues in the healthcare system, potentially including inadequate public health infrastructure, limited preventive care, and escalating costs of medical treatment. Such disparities necessitate a multi-faceted policy approach that addresses affordability, access, and quality of healthcare services.
Conversely, education expenditure has contracted. This intriguing trend may be argued from a range of possibilities: perhaps a disconnect between education and employment outcomes, the deteriorating perception of education quality, or the digital revolution's successful incursion in making learning more affordable.
Despite these creases, the survey brings to light India's formidable achievement in poverty reduction. A burgeoning middle class is expanding the bottom of the consumption pyramid, unveiling a market with enormous demand potential. The undercurrents suggest a resilient consumption base capable of fuelling India's growth engine, poised to provide a robust push to the nation's economic aspirations. Such promising horizons reaffirm a collective optimism in India's enduring ascent on the global stage.
Source: Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (2022-23), NSSO Survey, MOSPI, GOI
By: Dr. Sandhya Dubey Ph.D, National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi
On January 22, 2024, in the ancient city of Ayodhya, an unforgettable confluence of unity, reverence, devotion, and harmony was witnessed. People from every corner of the country, from diverse backgrounds and beliefs, gathered together to witness the Pran Pratishtha of Shri Ram Lalla in the grand Ram temple. The arrival of Shri Ram Lalla not only stirred a wave of enthusiasm throughout India but also spread a wave of renewed enthusiasm across the world.
This magnificent event, probably unprecedented in the history of India, showcased a unique blend of meticulous planning at the micro-level and grand inclusion at the macro-level. In Ayodhya, the echo of every Indian and ancient civilization, every sentiment, and every tradition found its reflection under the shelter of Lord Shri Ram. From the secluded islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman to the distant mountains of Ladakh, from the lush forests of Mizoram and Nagaland to the sands of the Rajasthan's deserts, all 28 states and 8 union territories of India witnessed this grand event, with all languages of India echoing the sentiment that 'Ram Sabke Hain.’
The process of inviting guests began in September 2023, starting from compiling the list of invitees to personally inviting them, and even reaching out to remote areas of the nation. Ultimately, each invitee was assigned a unique code. The program was entirely structured around religious, spiritual, and social themes. As a result, only the heads of national and state political parties and the CM of the host state were invited to the ceremony, Invitations were not extended to any central ministers or chief ministers. This was also a widely discussed topic among the invited distinguished guests on that day.
Representatives from various donor categories, ranging from those donating as little as 10 rupees to millions, were present at the event. A total of 131 prominent and 36 tribal representatives, representing different origins of the Indian ancient religious traditions, were present. This included representatives from all major traditions such as Akhadas, Kabir Panthi, Raidasi, Nirankari, Namdhari, Nihangs, Arya Samaj, Sindhi, Nimbark, Buddhists, Lingayats, Ramakrishna Mission, Satradhikar, Jains, Banjara community, Maitei, Chakma, Gorkha, Khasi, Ramnamis and others. Representatives from scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and nomadic tribes were also present. Different religions like Islam, Christianity, Zoroastrianism were also represented. Families of District Judge Sri Nayyar, who decided in favor of Ramlalla in 1949, and former Duty Constable Abdul Barkat, who testified, were also invited. The family who was fighting the case against Ramlalla was also invited along with families of former officials of Ayodhya. Families of leaders of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement and lawyers who participated in the judicial process of Ram Janmabhoomi, including advocates, were also present at the event. Along with the Current President and Vice President of India, former Presidents and former Prime Ministers were also invited. The event also saw the participation of retired chiefs of all three armed forces who were vigilant in ensuring India's security, as well as recipients of the Param Vir Chakra. Scientists from ISRO who led India to the moon and scientists who developed the Indian COVID-19 vaccine were also present. Several former Chief Justices of the Supreme Court, retired judges, retired administrative and police officers along with Indian diplomats who worked in various countries were present, as were eminent lawyers, doctors, CAs, and directors/editors of newspapers and TV channels, as well as renowned social media influencers. Industrial families from large corporations were also present at the event, along with members of prominent Royal Families. Players who represented India in various sports, Artists from various fields such as painting, sculpture, music, literature, instrumental music, dance, etc., including those from Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Gujarati, Bengali, Odia, Assamese, Bhojpuri, Punjabi, and Haryanvi film industries were also present. Representatives from 53 countries were also present at the event. There were 15 Yajmans in the main puja, representing all castes and classes (Sikhs, Jains, Neo-Buddhists, Nishad society, Valmiki society, tribal society, nomadic tribes, etc.) and individuals from all directions of India (North, South, East, West, Northeast) were represented. The event also saw the presence of farmers and laborers, as well as representatives of cooperative and consumer organizations, who contribute to the nourishment and development of the country. Officials, engineers, and workers from L&T and Tata Group were also present. Several workers from the RSS and Vishwa Hindu Parishad, including revered Sarsanghchalak of the RSS Hon'ble Sh. Mohan Bhagwat and Hon'ble Prime Ministers of India Sh. Narendra Modi, also graced the occasion. If Shri Ram Lalla was being Pratishthit, then surely all the gods and goddesses must have been present to bless the occasion.
At the behest of the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust, hundreds of Vishva Hindu Parishad workers were tirelessly engaged day and night, several workers from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and other local self-help organizations were also involved in the organization of this event. Their experience in management was subtly reflected in the arrangement of the event, which was being experienced by every devotee present there. Whether it was welcoming, arranging battery-operated vehicles, providing wheelchair facilities, or organizing entry processes, every aspect was meticulously planned. The leaders of the self-help organizations themselves were seen removing everyone's shoes and keeping them aside, even as they continued to serve during their return. Outside the makeshift toilets, arrangements for slippers were also made. Everything was prepared with careful consideration. The citizens and administration of Ayodhya, in coordination with the Trust, set out to beautify Ayodhya. It was a matter of curiosity for the common people of Ayodhya to see how the city transformed suddenly within four months. Cooperation between the Uttar Pradesh and Ayodhya police was commendable, and everyone was impressed with their cooperative behavior. As a result, such a grand event was completed with ease and success. Everyone felt blessed by Lord Shri Ram's presence.
In three days, without any political or corporate event, 71 private aircraft landed in Ayodhya. Arrangements for welcoming and transportation with Saffron Patkas were made at the airports of Lucknow and Ayodhya, as well as at railway stations in Lucknow, Ayodhya, Varanasi, Gorakhpur, Gonda, Sultanpur, Prayagraj, and others. Keeping in mind the needs of various attendees, accommodation arrangements were meticulously prepared for everyone. Tent cities, hotels, ashrams, dharamshalas, as well as arrangements for staying with 200 local families were made. The sound of the 'Ram Aayenge' song echoed throughout Ayodhya. Everyone enjoyed the cultural programs in Ayodhya's street till late night.
History bears witness that this was the only event where people of such stature sat on ordinary chairs for 4-5 hours. Former Prime Minister of India, Shri HD Devegowda, sat in a wheelchair for four hours. There were no assistants or security personnel with anyone. Prasad was distributed and served to everyone while they remained seated. In Ayodhya, Regardless of caste, class, or region, everyone was equal - everyone was in unity. Everyone rose above their commitments and socioeconomic status to accept Ayodhya's humble and heartfelt hospitality.
Every city and village in India was eager to welcome Lord Shri Ram. Every village, every neighborhood, and every temple had become Ayodhya. Those who couldn't make it to Ayodhya worshiped in local temples and celebrated by lighting lamps at night. Everyone's hearts and souls were in Ayodhya that day. The entire Ayodhya city and temple complex were decorated with tonnes of flowers to welcome Shri Ramlalla. More than 30 traditional musical instruments from all Indian states, played by various artists, made the atmosphere melodious with Ram bhajans. Thousands of brass bells resonated across the temple complex during the aarti. Along with Lord Ram's arrival, the helicopter showered flowers over the temple complex, making it feel as though the entire divine realm was showering flowers with joy. This event transcended mere celebration; it became a divine experience, a spiritual journey. People were emotional, some were dancing in trance, some experienced heaven, and some the Treta Yuga. Everyone was returning to Ayodhya with Lord Shri Ram. From 3 am the next day, devotees began lining up for the darshan of Shri Ramlalla. Nearly 5,00,000 people visited Shri Ramlalla with enthusiasm and discipline on January 23rd.
This divine event in Ayodhya surpassed the boundaries of cast, status, language, state-hood, or religious beliefs; embracing traditions while advancing progress, and awakening the collective consciousness of a nation. A testament to the eternal legacy of Lord Shri Ram, inspiring millions and uniting them; this event, as the 'Ramotsav' of unity, integrity, harmony, and devotion, will remain alive for ages to come. Remembering Lord Shri Ram, it is now time for all of us to be determined to establish India as a prosperous, affluent, healthy, capable, and respected nation, to establish India as the 'Vishwa Guru.'
Jai Shri Ram!
Ramlal: Sah-Sampark Pramukh, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
Dr. Janardhan Singh, a politician, social activist, and selfless individual from Bihar, leaves behind a legacy that resonates with compassion, dedication, and a relentless commitment to serving others. His untimely passing is not only a loss to his family and community but also to the nation as a whole.
Dr. Singh's journey was marked by his unwavering dedication to improving the lives of those around him. Born and raised in Bihar, he embodied the values of humility, empathy, and service from an early age. Throughout his life, he remained deeply connected to his roots, never forgetting the struggles and aspirations of his fellow citizens in Bihar.
One of Dr. Singh's remarkable qualities was his ability to establish a wide network in the national capital, Delhi. Despite coming from a humble background, he navigated the complex political and social landscape of Delhi with ease, earning the respect and admiration of colleagues, friends, and acquaintances alike. His genuine warmth and approachability endeared him to all who crossed his path, regardless of their status or background.
Beyond his political and social endeavors, Dr. Singh was known for his selflessness and willingness to shoulder the responsibilities of others, even when not asked for. He was the epitome of a true friend, always ready to lend a helping hand or offer support in times of need. His generosity knew no bounds, and his acts of kindness touched the lives of countless individuals.
Dr. Singh's contributions extended far beyond the confines of his immediate community. He was a tireless advocate for social justice, equality, and inclusive development. Whether fighting for marginalized communities' rights, championing environmental causes, or promoting education and healthcare initiatives, he was at the forefront of every noble endeavor.
His passing leaves a void that cannot be easily filled. The impact of his absence will be felt for a long time to come. Dr. Singh's legacy serves as a beacon of hope and inspiration for future generations, reminding us of the power of compassion, integrity, and selflessness in creating a better world.
As we bid farewell to this extraordinary individual, let us remember his remarkable life with gratitude and reverence. Let us honor his memory by continuing the work he started, by advocating for the marginalized, by standing up for justice, and by striving to make a positive difference in the lives of others.
In the words of Mahatma Gandhi, "The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others." Dr. Janardhan Singh embodied this philosophy throughout his life, leaving behind a legacy that will continue to inspire and uplift us for years to come. May his soul rest in peace, knowing that his life was a testament to the power of selfless service and compassion.
We will miss you forever.
Fali Sam Nariman, the eminent luminary of India's legal sphere, bid farewell to the mortal realm, leaving behind a legacy that enriches the legal landscape beyond measure. Familiarly known as Fali among his peers, he epitomized the illustrious "Bombay club" of the Supreme Court of India, alongside revered figures like M.C Chagala, M.C Setelvad, and Ram Jethmalani, among others. These stalwarts redefined the contours of constitutional law through their brilliance in advocacy and depth of knowledge.
Fali Sam Nariman embarked on his legal journey in 1950, gradually transitioning his practice to the Supreme Court by the 1970s. Notably, he displayed unparalleled courage by resigning as the Additional Solicitor General during the infamous Emergency imposed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, underscoring his unwavering commitment to the sanctity of the constitution and civil liberties.
Throughout his seven-decade-long career, Nariman remained steadfast in his devotion to upholding individual freedoms within the framework of the Indian constitution. His profound understanding of not just legal principles but also history, current affairs, and various other disciplines, as advocated by his friend Ram Jethmalani, distinguished him as a legal architect rather than a mere practitioner.
In his widely acclaimed book, "Before the Memory Fades," Nariman echoes the sentiments of Edmund Burke, emphasizing the role of legal education in fostering acuity and vigilance against misgovernment and tyranny. His unwavering allegiance to constitutional principles led him to critique judicial decisions, notably expressing dissent over the Supreme Court's judgment on Article 370, while maintaining respect for the institution.
Among Nariman's landmark cases, the "National Judicial Appointments Commission case" stands out, wherein he successfully defended the autonomy of the judiciary against executive interference, thus safeguarding a crucial aspect of India's democratic fabric.
Despite the contentious nature of some cases, Nariman's commitment to justice remained unswerving. Notably, he defended Union Carbide in the Bhopal Gas Leak case, later acknowledging the tragedy's magnitude and expressing remorse for his involvement, highlighting his profound sense of responsibility and humility.
Nariman's influence extended beyond the courtroom, evident in his prolific writings and speeches on legal issues, constitutional matters, and the state of the nation. His authored books, including autobiographies and treatises on constitutional law, serve as a testament to his vast knowledge and intellectual prowess.
Renowned for his legal acumen, Nariman earned accolades for his ability to elevate criminal cases into constitutional debates—a testament to his mastery of the law's intricacies. His pivotal role in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati case, known as the "Basic Structure Case," solidified his legacy as a tireless defender of the Indian constitution.
In commemorating Nariman's legacy, the legal fraternity and the nation at large honor his enduring message: that true character is revealed not in moments of ease but in times of adversity and moral quandary. Fali Sam Nariman's indelible imprint on India's legal tapestry resonates as a beacon of integrity, intellect, and unwavering commitment to justice.
Jan Nayak wanted to create an egalitarian society where resources were distributed fairly and everyone, regardless of their social standing, had access to opportunities
Today is the birth centenary of Jan Nayak Karpoori Thakur Ji, whose relentless pursuit of social justice created a positive impact on the lives of crores of people. I never had the opportunity to meet Karpoori Ji but, I heard a lot about him from Kailashpati Mishra Ji, who worked closely with him. He belonged to one of the most backward sections of society, the Nai Samaj. Overcoming numerous obstacles, he achieved a lot and worked for societal betterment.Jan Nayak Kapoor Thakur Ji’s life revolved around the twin pillars of simplicity and social justice. Till his last breath, his simple lifestyle and humble nature resonated deeply with the common people. There are numerous anecdotes that highlight his simplicity.
Those who worked with him recall how he preferred to spend his own money on any personal matter including his daughter’s wedding. During his tenure as Chief Minister of Bihar, a decision was taken to build a colony for political leaders but he himself did not take any land or money for the same. When he passed away in 1988, several leaders went to his village to pay tributes. When they saw the condition of his house, they were moved to tears- how can someone so towering have a house so simple! Another anecdote of his simplicity dates back to 1977 when he had just taken over as CM of Bihar. The Janata Government was in power in Delhi and Patna. That time, Janata leaders had gathered in Patna to mark Loknayak JP’s birthday.
Among the galaxy of top leaders walked in Chief Minister Karpoori Thakur Ji, with a torn Kurta. In his own style, Chandrashekhar Ji asked people to donate some money so that Karpoori Ji could purchase a new Kurta. But, Karpoori Ji was Karpoori Ji- he accepted the money but donated it to the CM Relief Fund. Social justice was most dear to Jan Nayak Karpoori Thakur Ji. His political journey was marked by monumental efforts to create a society where resources were distributed fairly, and everyone, regardless of their social standing, had access to opportunities.
He wanted to address the systemic inequalities that plagued Indian society.Such was his commitment to his ideals that despite living in an era where the Congress Party was omnipresent, he took a distinctly anti-Congress line because he was convinced very early on that the Congress had deviated from its founding principles.His electoral career began in the early 1950s and since then, he has become a force to reckon with in the legislative chambers, powerfully voicing the struggles of the working class, labourers, small farmers and youngsters. Education was a subject very close to his heart.
Throughout his political career, he worked to improve education facilities for the poor. He was a proponent of education in local languages so that people from small towns and villages could climb the ladder and attain success. As CM, he took many measures for the welfare of senior citizens as well. Democracy, debate and discussion were integral to Karpoori Ji’s personality. This spirit was seen when he immersed himself in the Quit India movement as a youngster and it was again seen when he resisted the Emergency tooth and nail. His unique perspectives were greatly admired by the likes of JP, Dr. Lohia and Charan Singh Ji.Perhaps one of Jan Nayak Karpoori Thakur Ji’s most significant contributions to India was his role in strengthening the affirmative action apparatus for the backward classes, with the hope that they were given the representation and opportunities they deserved.
His decision was met with heavy opposition but he did not bow to any pressure.
Under his leadership, policies were implemented that laid the groundwork for a more inclusive society, where one's birth did not determine one’s fate. He belonged to the most backward strata of society but he worked for all the people. He had no trace of bitterness in him, which is what makes him truly great.
Over the last ten years, our Government has walked on the path of Jan Nayak Karpoori Thakur Ji, reflected in our schemes and policies that have brought transformative empowerment. One of the biggest tragedies of our polity has been that barring a few leaders like Karpoori Ji, the call for social justice was restricted to being a political slogan. Inspired by Karpoori Ji’s vision we implemented it as an effective governance model.
I can say with confidence and pride that Jan Nayak Karpoori Thakur Ji would have been very proud of India's feat of freeing 25 crore people from the clutches of poverty in the last few years. These are people from the most backward sections of society, who were denied basic facilities nearly seven decades after freedom from colonial rule. At the same time, our efforts towards saturation- ensuring every scheme reaches 100% coverage echo his commitment to social welfare. Today, when people from OBC, SC and ST Communities are becoming entrepreneurs due to MUDRA Loans, it fulfils Karpoori Thakur Ji’s vision of economic independence. Likewise, it was our government that had the privilege of extending SC, ST and OBC reservations. We also had the honour of setting up the OBC Commission (which was opposed by Congress, sadly), which is working on the path shown by Karpoori Ji. Our PM-Vishwakarma Scheme will also bring new avenues of prosperity for crores of people belonging to OBC communities across India. As a person belonging to the backward classes myself, I have much to thank Jan Nayak Karpoori Thakur Ji for. Unfortunately, we lost Karpoori Ji at a relatively young age of 64. We lost him when we needed him the most. Yet, he lives on in the hearts and minds of crores of people due to his work. He was a true Jan Nayak!
(This is a special article by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on the 100th birth anniversary of Jan Nayak Karpoori Thakur)
The issuance of study permits to Indian students in Canada witnessed a significant decline in the latter part of the previous year, primarily attributed to diplomatic strains between the two nations. According to a top Canadian official, the reduction in permits was a consequence of India expelling Canadian diplomats responsible for processing these permits. Additionally, fewer Indian students applied for study permits due to an ongoing diplomatic dispute related to the murder of Khalistani terrorist Hardeep Singh Nijjar in Canada.
In an interview, Immigration Minister Marc Miller expressed skepticism about a quick rebound in the number of study permits granted to Indian students. The diplomatic tensions escalated when Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau implicated Indian agents in connection with Nijjar's murder in British Columbia, causing strained relations between the two countries.
Miller highlighted the substantial impact of the diplomatic discord on Canada's ability to process applications from India, stating, "Our relationship with India has really halved our ability to process a lot of applications from India." This strain reached a point where Canada had to recall 41 diplomats, comprising two-thirds of its staff, from India in October, as directed by New Delhi. Furthermore, the dispute led many Indian students to explore educational opportunities in other countries, exacerbating the decline in study permit applications.
Official data, not previously reported, revealed that the issuance of study permits to Indian students in the fourth quarter of the previous year plummeted by 86% compared to the preceding quarter. The number dropped from 108,940 to 14,910, underscoring the substantial impact of the diplomatic tensions on educational migration between the two nations. The ongoing discord is anticipated to continue influencing these numbers in the foreseeable future, according to Miller, as the repercussions of strained diplomatic relations persist.
In October 2022, Ghana sought the IMF (International Monetary Fund) bailout for the record 17th time. Actually, very few people anticipated that Ghana, which until recently was considered Africa's brightest star, would experience this level of financial catastrophe in such a short time. Even in 2019, Ghana's Economy was expanding at the fastest rate in the world. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) were optimistic about the steady rise of the nation. Although Ghana's Economy is primarily driven by oil, non-oil industries like agriculture, manufacturing, and services were also expanding quickly. Everything was going well until the outbreak of the pandemic.
And today, Ghana, the economic poster boy of West Africa, is on the verge of entering into a full-blown economic recession. Despite being a significant exporter of cocoa and gold, it is presently experiencing its worst financial crisis in decades. The Inflation rose from 13.9% in January to 37.2% in September, the highest level in 21 years. Some analysts believe the actual level is more than twice the official rate, around 98%. Petrol and diesel prices have jumped by 88.6% and 128.6%, respectively. Most public transport fares have increased by over 100% since January.
Initially, the government was hopeful that the Economy would recover after the pandemic. Ghana's economic revival, however, got a severe jolt from Russia's conflict in Ukraine. Between January and October 2022, the cedi, the country's currency, lost more than 50 per cent of its worth, increasing Ghana's debt by $6 billion. The President recently acknowledged to the nation that Ghana is indeed in trouble. He attributed the predicament to external factors, including the pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
Indeed, Agriculture contributes more than 40 per cent of Ghana's export revenue and represents 21 per cent of the country's GDP. At the same time, it supplies more than 90 per cent of the nation's food requirements. And the revival of the agriculture sector is primordial to boost the Economy, generate jobs, and reduce food insecurity. The government understands the importance of the agriculture sector for reviving the Economy. In fact, very early in his tenure, the Akufo administration introduced the One District One Factory (1D1F) development plan to attract value-added investment to the agricultural industry. The program called for creating an industrial zone in each of Ghana's ten provinces and one new factory in the country's 216 districts. According to the project, each district was expected to generate about 6,000 direct employment. The 1D1F initiative and other pro-business policies were intended to increase export-related manufacturing and FDI for its industrial infrastructure.
While the success of the 1D1F plan is crucial for revitalising the agriculture sector and overall Economy, the foreign investors are still cautious and want the government to do more to ensure their investment is safe. Given the circumstances, the 1D1F plan needs to be amended and revitalised as Ghana seeks to advance technical advancements and engage more young people in sustaining and enhancing the nation's economic performance. As his regime desperately scrambles to inject much-needed impetus to galvanise the beleaguered Economy, he can draw some inspiration from India, especially from the policies of the state of Uttar Pradesh.
Similar to 1D1F, the Uttar Pradesh state administration introduced the "One District One Product (ODOP)" programme in 2018. ODOP was viewed as a crucial initiative as the government of UP aimed to increase the state's Economy to $1 trillion and increase its share of India's GDP from 8% to 15-16%. The overall goal of ODOP was to stimulate regional growth by utilising local talent, resources, and expertise. Modelled after the Japanese "One Village One Product" programme of the 1980s, the ODOP sought to revitalise the Economy by fostering regional development through local resources, talent, and knowledge.
The ODOP could serve as a model for 1D1F and assist Ghana in its economic revival. Like the ODOP programme, Ghana's 1D1F programme can be more successful if it prioritises value chain development, product marketing support, financial aid, and skill development. In Ghana, there is a lack of convergence of these four crucial components. The country of West Africa may also emulate UP's systematic participation of institutions from both the public and private sectors at all levels.
Another bailout won't resolve the financial crisis of Ghana. The Akufo administration knows very well that the long-term solution to this crisis is to increase investments instead of focusing only on fiscal discipline. Time is of the essence, as only the success of 1D1F will determine the dream of a return to power for the current President as well as set the course for the future of Ghana.
The author is a Senior Research Associate with the Vivekananda International Foundation and a Doctoral Scholar at Jawaharlal Nehru University
In a typical market economy, the demand and supply determine prices, with limited or no government interventions. Therefore, going by the first principles of microeconomic theory, if the demand is more than supply, prices would rise and vice-versa. The sudden spikes in demand and supply shortages are especially felt when there are natural disasters or calamities like wars, or earthquakes. India, though less strictly a market economy and more of a mixed economy, has had its share of woes with unprecedented price hikes due to demand and supply shocks.
Take the recent price hike of tomatoes in India, for instance. A few months ago, the prices of tomatoes suddenly shot up to approximately Rs. 200/- per kg. This price hike happened due to the low production of tomatoes which popular press has attributed to scarce rainfall and extreme heat conditions. As there was a shortage of rainfall, there was a shortage of the crop. Additionally, extreme heat conditions led to pest attacks resulting in a lower output, and consequently higher market rates.
If one examines the domino effect of this, one would not be astonished. Not so laughably, some establishments hired bouncers to guard the “priceless” tomatoes to prevent thefts! Then, most restaurants, at the risk of being considered looters and losing patrons, stopped adding tomatoes to sandwiches and green salad. A friend of one of the authors of this article was aghast to receive a vegetarian sandwich with cucumbers and potatoes, with no sign of the quintessential tomato slices. The transporters and truckers charged exorbitant fees to ferry tomatoes as they feared a reaction from angered consumers. Medium-income households took stock of the situation and changed their weekly routine. Parents of tantrum-throwing adolescents refused to pay for the suddenly high salad prices of Swiggy and Zomato. Lower-income households forgot the tomatoes altogether and instead opted to eat tomato-less (albeit tasteless) lentils with rice.
This price hike of tomatoes in India due to production deficit from adverse weather conditions is what economists might call price gouging. More formally, price gouging is a practice, where firms raise prices in response to supply and demand shocks that occur typically after emergencies, calamities or natural disasters. The development during the recent COVID pandemic is a case in point. In many countries, including India and the United States, prices of essential items like disinfectants and home cleaners soared due to a sudden increase in demand on one hand, and constraints in the supply chain on the other. In India, essential medicines were black-marketed in some cases. This imbalance in lower-than-average demand for non-essentials and higher-than-average demand for essential items led to an asymmetry. While pharmaceutical companies handed out bonus cheques to their employees other companies laid them off or halved their salaries, in a rather tragic irony.
From an ethical standpoint, should firms hike prices during calamities and emergencies? Some economists would answer winsomely – why not? For instance, Nobel Prize winning economist Milton Friedman’s famous viewpoint is “Gougers deserve a medal” for clearing the market. This Ethics versus Opportunity is a vexed debate often resting in favour of “opportunity” as a logical corollary of a market-driven economy. During periods of abundance, prices fall, and the customer enjoys the day. Likewise, if there is a shortage, prices rise, and the suppliers have their way. Are business owners morally obligated to provide customers fair access to essential items in times of crises and a resultant desperate need? Are the ones who hike prices, looters or smart businesspeople?
Regulators argue that since price gouging distorts prices, it hurts overall social and consumer welfare. Thus, several countries have anti-price gouging laws as a preventative measure. For instance, in the United States, in response to the widespread pandemic-driven price gouging, 42 US states have anti-gouging laws effective March 2021. The penalties for businesses also vary. In North Carolina, for example, courts can impose fines of up to $5,000 for each violation, and enforce refunds for the customers affected. This law thus holds all parties in the supply chain – manufacturers, distributors, and retailers – accountable. In India, the Essential Commodities Act, of 1955 (later amended in 2020) ensures that essential commodities, e.g., food items, drugs, fuel, be made available to Indian consumers at fair prices.
However, in developed countries like the US or the UK or European nations, prices of “essential items” do not skyrocket in the absence of a natural disaster or calamity. In the tomato price hike context, the popular press has attributed poor rainfall and extreme heat as the drivers of production shortfall. We argue that this might be incomplete and imperfect reasoning. It is a sad reality that Indian farmers continue to depend on rainfall instead of modern irrigation methods. This gap in modern farming methods makes Indian farmers more vulnerable than their counterparts in more developed nations to weather-related fluctuations. However, the question that remains unanswered is why these weather fluctuations affect only tomatoes.
The Government of India's (“GoI”)s response to the shortage of tomatoes and the resultant price hike was knee-jerk. It had launched a “Tomato Grand Challenge Hackathon” in Delhi to glean ideas on how to combat rising tomato prices. The Department of Consumer Affairs directed consumer cooperatives to source tomatoes from vegetable markets, from high-production states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Maharashtra to redistribute to major cities. In crises like these such as a crop shortage, the government often resorts to the Essential Commodities Act to impose stock limits. How much of that helps the farmers or the common man is anyone’s guess. The Individual Quick-Freezing procedure used by the GoI to store vegetables like peas comes to the rescue but how long can we store tomatoes or potatoes to maintain adequate stock?
While these measures can bring short-term relief, the government can do much more. In the case of the tomato price hikes, the GoI needs to investigate in depth to identify the underlying factors that caused the scarcity of tomatoes. If the reality of the situation is that the shortfall in tomato production was due to weather, then the GoI should take long-term measures to prevent this in the future. For instance, the GoI should invest in modern farming methods and train farmers to use manual irrigation. In the interim, farmers may be advised to produce overproduce and create buffer stocks during periods of stable weather conditions. The Essential Commodities Act needs to be amended to stipulate stiff penalties for individuals who hoard and then create artificial scarcity.
On a final note, if rumours are true, onions will make us cry quite literally, as their prices are forecasted to rise to Rs. 150/- per kg. A few days ago, it had reached Rs. 85/- per kg forcing the GoI to add 200,000 tonnes of buffer to its already existing stock of 500,000 tonnes, to ensure that Indian consumers get a steady flow of onions at an affordable price. The GoI has also set a minimum export price due to under-invoicing. It has used the help of the NAFED (National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd.) mobile vans to transport onions and stock up major consumption centers all over the country. Hopefully, these initiatives will work, and prevent another tomato price hike-like situation.
As India rests on the cusp of being a superpower and eyes to be the third-largest economy, it stands to reason that its citizens enjoy the benefits of an abundant supply of essential items to eventually be able to afford some luxury items. We think that the customers are smart enough to know who to patronize after a crisis is over. Thus, businesses and firms should be ethical in their pricing practices if they indeed want to retain existing customers, attract new ones, and build on future revenues. The GoI, likewise, should be more transparent and strategic in its policies. As Ethicists, we argue that though the numbers game is very enticing for any nation, the Happiness Quotient does play an important role in determining the long-term viability of democracy, political stability, and economic vibrancy.
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